The Women of the Renaissance
The Renaissance was a cultural movement which followed the Middle Ages in European history. Derived from the French, Renaissance means rebirth, and it represented the rebirth of many ancient Greek and Roman traditions for the upper classes of Italy, England, France, and Northern Europe. People began to display their “enlightenment” in all areas, including religion, education, and domesticity.
Religion
The women of the Renaissance era typically displayed their spiritually by honoring the Biblical tenant of chastity if they had yet to wed, and by total submission to their husbands if they were wed. There was a drive from Christian women to provide for the poor and ill. Poverty, humility, and charity were traits to admire and live by. In addition, some devoutly religious women who had mystical experiences were honored by men. Many of the scholars of that period wrote about these women and their heroics including their unselfish service, extreme fasting, visions, and inner strength.
Many women joined a cloistered order of nuns, known as the Ursulines, as a way to serve others in their society. If the women were from the upper classes, they were able to remain under their family’s roof but still spread the word of salvation as a chaste Bride of Christ.
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The education young women received, however, tended to lean more towards teaching them how to act as ladies of the courts and patrons of arts, not to help them learn a profession. Their education was usually obtained from their fathers or from private tutors. What was unique for the first time in Western history was that men were stressing the importance of education for women. It was understood during the Renaissance, however, that a woman's education was only as a benefit to her father or husband. Soon, women began to excel at literature, art, and even in
The largest part focuses on the valuation of virginity and taking action as a Protestant, as Argula von Grumbach, in male inaction as doctrinally sound. For the Catholic reformation, Wiesner argues women’s most impressive role came from remedying their husband’s Protestantism, most dramatically in England and Ireland, but not unknown in Italy. Many of the converting practices adopted like homes for repentant prostitutes and foundling homes eventually found place in Orthodox religions under Peter the Great. (241) Jewish women faced similar patriarchal issues as Christian women, with the added pressures of torture, exile, and murder at a governmental level. (250) Muslim women of the period, called “Moriscos” faced marriages similar to those practiced by Catholic women in which conversion dominated their religious involvement.
Women were not only political, but religious figureheads. They were allowed as “keepers of faith” and were honored for their roles in the community during religious ceremonies (64). One 18th century French commentator argues, “Nothing, is more real than the superiority of women. It is of them that the nation really consists…”
Throughout the 15th century through the 17th century the status of women is exemplified to be that of a subordinate position through the readings of “The Passion of Artemisia” by Susan Vreeland, McKay textbook chapter 13 reading and the DBQ “Did Women Have a Renaissance”. Traditional societal values and ideals, blinded many to the accomplishments and potential of females and continued to perpetuate a culture that valued and identified women with domestic work and motherhood. The institutionalized ignorance and ingrained bias of society helped to propel forward the systematic oppression of women whos minute sphere of influence equaled to less political power and property ownership. Subjected to violence, ridicule, discrimination and
Annie Higginson’s letter to the Lady Ferrers signifies that education for women is also turning for the better. In this letter, a woman recommends a school for women to another woman (Document Nine, Letter to Lady Ferrers of Transworth Castle, England). This exemplifies the significant change in education because what was originally targeted to wealthy young men grew to include many women. In 1523, a man goes on to say that women need to be taught structure/morals and be literate. Once again, this is a major transformation, as a man is supporting educated women.
In Medieval Europe, women was an essential part of society, especially during the Middle Ages. Women had several roles they carried out that contributed to Europe's growth, such as a peasant woman and the Lady of the Manor. Women also and many expectations in society for their behavior and their way of life. Society's view on women and their treatment towards them weren't the best at times. Despite being seen as defenseless, without women, Europe would not be like it is today.
In early modern England, notions about female gender roles tended to be constructed by two forms of discourse: the theological and the medical. Theological sermons and pamphlets emphasized the biblical injunctions that women should be silent and obedient and that they were subject to the authority of their husbands. Callaghan (1989, 9) argues that Renaissance society was ‘profoundly hierarchical ' and that the chain of authority extended from God, via the monarch, to men and women who were expected to conduct their household relationships inconformity with the idea that women were subject the authority of their fathers and husbands. Belsey (1985, 9) emphasizes thatmen and women are not symmetrically defined. Man, the centerand hero of liberal humanism, was produced in contradistinction to the objects of his knowledge, and in terms of the relations of power in the economy and the state.
Throughout the 16th century Reformation through the Enlightenment in the 18th century, was a period of time that saw both change and continuation in European society. One of the biggest examples of this was the role of women and how they should function in European society. Women in this era faced a large amount of hardships and obstacles from great leaders and philosophers such as Martin Luther and Immanuel Kant, who were both against the equality of women to men at this time. From the time period of the 16th century Reformation all the way up to the Enlightenment in the 18th century, the women of Europe were viewed as fragile and unworkable women whose main priority and purpose should only be being a housewife. As time progressed, women
As Simone de Beauvoir said that '' one is not born, but rather becomes, a woman''. As we can see, in this periods, male-dominated authorities rendered/defined women in a way how they want for their own interests. Briefly, women were defined/created by men rather than nature which in turn creates a critical question that is what was the women in Early Modern Europe? Wives, mother, daughter, sister; nun, heretic, saint, witch, bitch; queen, martyr, seeker and so forth.
Beginning with the emergence of the Middle Ages, it is safe to say that men completely overshadowed women. The concept of the Medieval Period was taken over by thoughts of the male gender. Perhaps, it is safe to say women in the Medieval Period were neglected Not only did the women lack appreciation, they were also stripped of some of the most basic rights that men possessed. Unfair laws at the time stated that women could not marry without their parents’ consent,and to make matters worse, they also couldn’t divorce their husbands. Another outrageous law stated that women could not inherit land if she had surviving brothers .
During this time “A woman's most important commodity was her virginity,” (Murphy 1). It was important to society that women were virgins before marriage and when married they were to have many children. When a woman was married she lost her rights to own property and business, their husbands became guardians over them and gained full control of all property, businesses and land they owned before marriage (Vann 1). Before marriage a woman had some control over her own life but as soon as she was married it was expected that the husband would take over and make decisions for
Women of the Medieval Times Women have always had a significant role in history even though they were treated horrible in most cases. During the Medieval Times was really the first time women were allowed to become more than just a house wife. The fight for equality has always been a struggle and even in today’s society is still an ongoing battle. Although women of lower and middle class were treated poorly in the Medieval Times, some powerful women held great responsibility and were looked up too by both men and children; despite being admired, “men were thought to be not only physically stronger but more emotionally stable, more intelligent, and morally less feeble” (Hopkins 5). “The position of women in the Medieval Society was greatly influenced by the views of the Roman Catholic Church” (Heeve).
A woman during the Enlightenment period was not accepted in pure academics, but they could find education from somewhere else, and they could have risks for searching for education. A woman during the Enlightenment period was not accepted in pure academics. A woman was not accepted in academics mainly because men believed woman were ignorant and would not be capable of understanding what man learn. Men at this time believed that women should only attend classes on how to become a perfect housewife to their husbands. The first image of this is seen when Madame du Chatelet was excluded from the Royal Academy of Sciences.
The lower part of the hierarchy consists of women. The women (especially the wives of men) we considered to be less than their male counterparts. They are less respected and are bossed around by their husbands, who were allowed to beat their wives should they do something wrong. Women were seen a feminine, making them weak to the eyes of men.
In the essay, "Did Women have a Renaissance?”, Joan Kelly-Gadol, presents a feminist insight into women's role in society during the Renaissance and how women did not have a Renaissance. While Margaret L. King, who wrote, “Women and High Power”, offers the roles of women and learning from 1300-1800 and argues that women did . The question of, “did women benefit from the Renaissance?”, is an extremely loaded question. Like every argument or question there are two sides to every story. One way, like Margaret L. King to look at this argument is that women experienced the Renaissance just like men did.
Introduction Women in the Middle ages were treated as the second class members within their social class. They were taught to be obedient to their husbands and were expected to run the household and raise children. Their role in the society, however, was much more complex, while some medieval women achieved a high level of equality with men. In the Middle Ages women had a secondary role, coming second after men.