Wound Healing Research Paper

Specifically, inflammation begins when the inflammatory cells reach the wound and generally persists for several days. Upon injury, the resident mast cells undergo degranulation and secrete chemotactic agents that induce neutrophils recruitment. Furthermore, activated platelets also release proteins that stimulate the migration and adhesion of neutrophils and monocytes. Thus, the first inflammatory cells that infiltrate the wound are the neutrophils. These neutrophils, upon infiltration, first attach to the endothelium followed by undergoing diapedesis and migrate towards the area of inflammation.

Specifically, inflammation begins when the inflammatory cells reach the wound and generally persists for several days. Upon injury, the resident mast cells undergo degranulation and secrete chemotactic agents that induce neutrophils recruitment. Furthermore, activated platelets also release proteins that stimulate the migration and adhesion of neutrophils and monocytes. Thus, the first inflammatory cells that infiltrate the wound are the neutrophils. These neutrophils, upon infiltration, first attach to the endothelium followed by undergoing diapedesis and migrate towards the area of inflammation.

Abstract: Chemical eye injury is a common ophthalmic emergency which needs an immediate and aggressive management to maximize visual outcome. The outcome ranges from full recovery to a permanent loss of vision. Available options for treatment include medical and surgical interventions. Our case is a young adult male who had a grade II alkali burn in his right eye after an accidental exposure to chemical powder at work. He was medically managed aggressively after admission to a medical ward at King Hamad University hospital with good outcome.

Introduction Inflammation, as described by Gilroy and Lawrence (2008), is a primitive response that aids against damage or injury to tissue. It is also described as the first step of restoring injured tissue back to its normal physiological purpose. We as humans, depend on inflammation because our survival and health is determined by how efficient the inflammatory response is when it comes to kick-starting the process of wound healing. In this essay, I will be discussing the anatomical pathology of inflammation, i.e. the causes, signs/symptoms and treatment of inflammation as well as discussing some articles pertaining to the mechanism of inflammation, how inflammation promotes the healing process, what occurs when one wants to induce inflammation,

Peritonitis Brenda Rodriguez Nursing 1106- Mental Health Nursing Donna Bledsoe, MSN, RN, PMHCNS April 9, 2018 Peritonitis Peritonitis is a medical condition arising from the inflammation of the peritoneum. The peritoneum is a functional layer that lines and protects the visceral organs. This condition ranges from mild to acute peritonitis, and the inflammation of this layer is an emergency medical situation that requires immediate action since it may progress rapidly to acute peritonitis and become life-threatening (Ramasubbaiah, 2013). In general, peritonitis can be caused by injury, translocation of gut flora, bacteria, fungi, and secondary to other medical conditions or medical procedures, such as, pancreatitis, tuberculosis, hepatic damage, and paracentesis etc. Depending on underlying cause of infection, it can be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary peritonitis.

In severe cases, the rate of infection from bacterial contamination remains as high as 20 percent, depending on the associated injuries to the soft tissues, as well as the effectiveness of initial management. Bacterial contamination to the wound at the time of injury and hospital-acquired microbes increase your risk for infection. Other possible complications include non-union of the broken fragments of bone and chronic osteomyelitis. Sometimes, amputation of a limb may be necessary to save your life. Failure of fixation and non-union of bone fragments will depend on various factors such as the location of the fracture and the extent of damage to the soft tissues.

INTRODUCTION The major goals of periodontal therapy includes elimination of infection and controlling inflammation in order to arrest the progression of disease, and also the regeneration of lost tissues. Various biomaterials have been used for the treatment of intrabony defects and have demonstrated variable results [1]. Recently, biological modifiers (growth factors) demonstrated their ability to stimulate cells which are located in periodontal defect and resulted in proliferation and differentiation of periodontal ligament cells [2]. Biological modifiers are materials or proteins that have the potential to modify the host tissue so as to enhance wound healing process. These growth factors comprise platelet derived (PDGF), insulin

This primary injury often initiates a cascade of secondary injury processes that evolve over the first few post injury days. 13 The secondary injuries can occur anytime after the impact and are potentially preventable.14 Prompt surgical intervention is necessary for good outcome. Computerized tomography (CT) scanning provides an objective assessment of the structural damage to the brain following traumatic brain injury.3 Acute CT is useful in identifying those individuals in whom deterioration is a result of a mass lesion and demonstrate extradural, subdural or intracranial haemorrhage, and midline shift, or traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage and ventricular abnormality. The ease of access and speed of data acquisition ensures that, where appropriate, patients benefit from early surgical management which has been shown to improve outcome. 15   2.2 EPIDEMIOLOGY  Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains the leading cause of death and long-term disability in people younger than 40 years

Primary infection occurs in epithelial cells leading to a skin rash and fever as a phenotype. When virions spread to adjacent sensory neurons, a lifelong infection is established (Owen, Crump, & Graham, 2015). Both primary and secondary diseases have a significant morbidity and mortality but thanks to advances in diagnostic and the production of vaccines, it is possible to decrease their burden (Gershon, 2013). 1.1 Varicella: Varicella (chickenpox), the primary infection of VZV, is characterized by cutaneous eruption typically seen in children. In adults, this primary infection is more severe and in immunocompromised patients, it can be followed by complications such as, high fever, pneumonia, encephalitis and hepatitis (Gershon et al., 2013).

2.2 Description of Wound and its Association with Microbes Skin is the largest organ in the human body, plays a crucial role in the sustenance of life through regulation and maintainance of water and electrolyte balance, thermoregulation, and also acting as a barrier to external noxious agents including microorganisms, however, when the epithelial integrity of skin is broken, a wound results (Zafar et al. 2008). A wound is an abrasion in the skin and the exposure of subcutaneous tissue after the loss of skin integrity provides moist, warm and nutritious environment that is conducive for microbial colonization and proliferation (Duguid and Colle, 1975). Wounds disrupt the protective barrier of the skin thereby creating a channel of entry

Chronic pericarditis persists up to six months or longer while acute pericarditis it lasts in less than a few weeks. Both types of pericarditis symptoms can vary, but the common symptoms are sharp and piercing chest pain from the center or left side of the chest, shortness of breath when lying down, sensation of weakness and fatigue, fever in low grade, and swelling of legs or abdomen. Cause of Carditis Infection is mostly the cause of Carditis however, it can differentiate on its affected location. Endocarditis is caused mostly by bacteria that goes in the body which can be passed through oral activities, existing medical condition, and dental procedures. As for myocarditis it is caused by variations or different types of infections.

7. Treatment Treatment of both TENS and SJS can involve surgical management and medical treatment. In both cases, the necrotic dermis is removed and a temporary skin covering is put into place to cover the open areas. This can either be a synthetic covering or donated porcine xenograft. Topically, the patient may have silver sulfadiazine, silver nitrate, chlorhexidine gluconate, or polymyxin-bacitracin ointment applied to the wounds.

It is classified as a beta-hemolytic streptococcus because when cultured on a blood agar plate all the red blood cells are ruptured by the bacteria. It is also known as beta-hemolytic group A streptococcus. Streptococcus pyogenes begins infection on the surface of the skin or in the throat but is usually found in the throat. It is the same bacteria that the causes Strep throat. This bacteria can be life threaten when it infects the fascia, or connective tissue that surrounds muscles, blood vessels and nerve.

Nosocomial infections frequently occur after inhalation therapy, during use of indwelling catheters, transmission of communicable diseases between patients and healthcare workers, surgical procedures, injections, contamination of the health care environment (even the food or water provided at hospitals) or during use of chemotherapeutic or immunosuppressive drugs. Norag Lee claims,” Longer duration of urinary catheter drainage, positive contact precautions status and a history of catheterization appear to be associated with a higher risk of catheter associated urinary tract infection in hospitalized pediatric patients. Physicians should attempt to decrease the duration of catheterization, especially in patients who meet these criteria, to minimize the risk of catheter associated urinary tract infection.” HAIs may be caused by any infectious agent, including bacteria (gram-positive and gram-negative), fungi, and viruses, as well as other less common types of pathogens. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the most common pathogenic bacterium of nosocomial infections are Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Certain fungi such as Candida albicans and aspergillus, as well as, viruses such as Respiratory Syncytial Virus and influenza can also lead to hospital-acquired

At the same time, the negative pressure wound dressing was changed three times a week for the assessment of the wound. After a week following of vacuum dressing, the treatment of choice was through the usage of capillary wound drains, which was placed in the middle of the perineal wound to drain superficial collection.