ipl-logo

Formal Oral Discourse

825 Words4 Pages

1.0 INTRODUCTION
According to Celce-Murcia and Olshtain (2000), a piece of discourse is an example of “spoken or written language that has describable internal relationships of form and meaning that relate coherently to an external communicative function or purpose and a given audience/interlocutor” (p. 4). The classification of discourse can be divided into spoken and written discourse.

2.0 FEATURES OF FORMAL AND INFORMAL WRITTEN DISCOURSE
Written texts can be differentiated according to the level of formality or genre (Celce-Murcia & Olshtain, 2000). The features of different types of texts may also be differ.

2.1 FORMAL WRITTEN DISCOURSE
A formal online news report retrieved from Star2.com (Appendix A), Sample 1 had been analysed …show more content…

It is a formal writing. This text is monologic discourse because it involves only the writer who produces the entire discourse. The purpose of this discourse is to provide information to the readers. The readers of this text read to gain knowledge and new information. This is also a planned discourse.

2.1.2 GRAMMATICAL
The sentences are written from a third person perspective. Passive voice sentences are often use because writer does not want to specify the agent but put more focus on the object. For example, the use of passive voice in below sentence to emphasize the object which are “The number of climate-related extreme events”.

2.1.3 LEXICAL
This text has more attributive adjectives. According to Nordquist (2017), an attributive adjective is an adjective that usually located before the noun. It modifies the noun without a linking verb. For instance, the word “melting” is an attributive adjective that comes before the noun “Antarctic ice sheet”.

Furthermore, full words are used, meanwhile no contradictions are used in this text. Even though there are some abbreviations can be found in the text, the abbreviations are spelt out in full when first used. The examples are the full name of WMO and IUCN are included in the text.

2.1.4 …show more content…

Longer sentences are used in formal writing because each point is introduced, elaborated and concluded. Simple sentences are connected with the use of a conjunction to form a complex sentence. For instance,

2.2 INFORMAL WRITTEN DISCOURSE
An informal text retrieved from Facebook (Appendix B), Sample 2 had been analysed in terms of discourse, grammatical, lexical and syntactical displayed in the text.

2.1.2 DISCOURSE
This text is one example of written discourse. The level formality is more to informal writing. This text is multiparty discourse because it involves the interaction of two or more participants. It requires many parties to construct this discourse together. The function of this discourse is to create an interactive environment for communicative purpose. This is also an unplanned discourse.

2.1.2 GRAMMATICAL
Improper use of punctuation can be determined in this text. Periods, questions marks and exclamation marks are used repeatedly for emphasis. The examples are the uses of “!!!” and “…” in the below examples.
The sentences are written from the first person perspective. First person pronouns tend to be used in this text. Furthermore, writers use active voice frequently to express their thoughts and feelings. For examples, the uses of pronouns “we” and “I” in S1 and

Show More
Related

  • Complexity In Harry Mulisch's The Assault

    938 Words  | 4 Pages

    Authors often write with total purpose; every metaphor, every symbol, and every detail relating back to the novel’s intended focus. In Harry Mulisch’s The Assault, the importance of complexity is revealed through Anton’s journey to accept the reason for his family’s grim fate. As Anton opens himself up to remember and learn about the War, he develops the skills to understand the convoluted situation in which he endured during his earlier life. Mulisch’s distinct writing style and use of unmistakeable parallels, ironic contradiction, and vivid allusions to illustrate the value of complexity in giving meaning to the events leading up to and following his family’s death. The novel explores the value of complexity in giving meaning and significance to Anton’s life.

    Read More

  • Summary Of Cognition, Convention And Certainty By Patricia Bizzell

    229 Words  | 1 Pages

    In her text, “Cognition, Convention and Certainty,” Patricia Bizzell describes the writing process through both inner-directed and outer-directed theories in order to illustrate that the writing process is infirmed by both student’s natural thought processes and their discourse community She uses her text to explain both theories, and to argue for the implementation of a new pedagogy focused on discourse analysis. First, Bizzell introduces the inner –directed theory, which seeks to discover the writing processes through the universal and fundamental structure of language. Conversely, she explains that the outer-directed theory instead argues that the individual’s discourse community does not teach a generalized form of language but rather the

    Read More

  • Does Texting Affect Writing By Michaela Cullett Summary

    1064 Words  | 5 Pages

    The difference between a complex sentence and a run-on sentence can easily be confused. The frequency of writing to an informal audience gives you something you are used to, and can result in forgetting how to clearly write your

    Read More

  • Simplicity In The Crucible

    660 Words  | 3 Pages

    It is concise, direct, and meaningful to the audience. Long drawn out sentences can leave the audience in confusion, but being simple in one’s writing can leave the audience knowing exactly what the writer wanted to state.

    Read More

  • The Importance Of Discourse Community

    1021 Words  | 5 Pages

    A time that I felt out of place was my first few days at college. My parents had just left and I knew no one. I was in a strange environment and didn't know what to do. I felt this way because I was used to my same routine for almost 18 years. To feel comfortable in this new environment, I had to find a place where I could be myself but also find a new routine.

    Read More

  • John Swales Concept Of Discourse Community

    728 Words  | 3 Pages

    In relation to discourse communities, intertextuality is important in assisting writers to conform to the social setting, enabling them to make reasonings that will not distance the individuals from the community, guide them to construct the logical decisions that are in comparison with the philosophy of the group, and become more aware of the peculiarities of a discourse community the more that they socialize. In addition, "acceptability is the key standard for analyzing a writing within a discourse community" (Porter 1986, p. 405). Therefore, a writer's achievement is estimated by their capacity to recognize what can be presupposed, and obtain the community's patterns adequately to make a text that adds to the support or conceivably of the community's

    Read More

  • Grant-Davie's Rhetorical Situation

    129 Words  | 1 Pages

    Grant-Davie describes thoroughly the term rhetorical situation and how the development of the definition and its constituents has contributed to the discovery of the motives and responses behind any discourse. The analysis of rhetorical situations could determine the outer or inner influences of the rhetors, the audience, and their particular constraints. Grant Davie supports his claims by using the earlier definitions of scholars and teachers as his foundation. He also addresses his own analysis drawn by life experienced discourses which it also helps the reader understand the causes of rhetorical situations. This is important because it teaches any writer or reader to analyze a situation and think about the options and paths it could lead

    Read More

  • Examples Of Discourse Communities

    1059 Words  | 5 Pages

    Intercommunication is an integral part of discourse communities since it allows people in an identical profession to communicate

    Read More

  • The Importance Of Discourse Communities

    1554 Words  | 7 Pages

    “The Concept of Discourse Community.” Writing About Writing, A College Reader. Ed. Elizabeth Wardle and Doug Downs. 2nd ed.

    Read More

  • 500 English Sentences Case Essay

    2579 Words  | 11 Pages

    500 English Sentences Case Study 1. Discuss the differences types of frame used by Scott and Mr. Honda in the conflict situation. In this case, Scott is an American who is a qualified person in the teaching of English and being asked by Mr. Honda to do some editing of the textbook for republication. He was willing to help Mr. Honda to improve the manuscript because he thinks that there are many errors in the textbooks

    Read More

  • Dimensions By Alice Munro Summary

    991 Words  | 4 Pages

    Analysis of Dimensions Already as a child, we all posses the circumstance of being irresponsible, and being addicted to someone else. In most cases it’s our parents, who we are addicted to. Throughout childhood, they have always been the pillars of our lives. They were the ones who made the decisions, who knew all the answers, even though we would disagree with them at times.

    Read More

  • Reflective Portfolio Letter

    1621 Words  | 7 Pages

    When I was first introduced to the topic of a discourse community I began overwhelmed with confusion. As the course progressed I began to grasp the aspect of the topic. In addition, I found that the writing process was not as complex and time consuming as the other assigned writing this semester. Thus, making it an easier and more enjoyable experience overall. I did exceptionally well on this paper, earning a five out of six because I put the most effort into it, becoming my best written piece.

    Read More

  • Foucault's Theory Of Discourse Analysis

    1274 Words  | 6 Pages

    Based on Stuart Hall’s (2006) discussion of Foucault’s theory of discourse, a discourse is generally consisting of a group of statements that together offer a way of talking about a par-ticular knowledge on a certain topic. Many individuals can produce it together, in different institutional settings. The discourse thereby enables the construction of a topic in a specific way which at the same time limits other constructions of the same topic. A discourse is made up not only from one but a multiplicity of statements that all share the same style to talk about the same topic. However, it is not a closed off system, it draws statements from and into other discourses.

    Read More

  • Michel Foucault: The Construction Of Discourse

    1045 Words  | 5 Pages

    There is such a variety of definitions regarding discourse that make it difficult to stick to one definition, therefore the context to which discourse is used is helpful to narrowing down a less diverse definition. Michel Foucault (philosopher, social theorist and literary critic) used various definitions of discourse at separate instances. The rough definition that Foucault suggests for Discourse is ‘the general domain of all statements’. He also defines discourse as an adapted cluster of statements, which could relate to the distinct structures in discourse. Discourse has to do with distinguishing groups of statements which are controlled in a way that they match and reach a mutual effect.

    Read More

  • Misunderstanding In International Communication Essay

    1762 Words  | 8 Pages

    Moreover, once a person starts working in any organization he or she will acquire a belonging feeling to that specific professional community. This professional community follows set of practices, specific knowledge and common values, hence creates discourse community that plays an essential role. However, spoken and written communication methods at work either among colleagues or between a professional member and lay people possesses unique

    Read More

More about Formal Oral Discourse

Open Document