As the wild west opened, so did new opportunities for American to strike it rich. But with the wild west opening up for the Americans, Indian lands were being encroached for railroads and homesteads. Indians were being pushed into reservations, their children sent to assimilation schools such AS the Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania. In the horrors of American assimilation targeted at young Native American children, many children would face struggle of losing their identity or face punishment of resisting assimilation. In the assimilation stories of Zitkala Sa and Sherman Alexie, tells the tale of their childhood experience being integrated into “American culture”. Alexie and Sa describe their own experience through the school system set …show more content…
The tone of Alexie’s piece is very light and playful such as like a, perspective a boy telling about his life. Although, Alexie makes very constructed points such as “Believe me, everything looks like a noose if you stare at it long enough.”(Alexie Tenth Grade) but before this quote Alexie commented on how he passed the driving test in the same section, instigating a major tone shift. Alexie combats his statements with light anecdotes then gets straight to his reflection of that year. Sa’s tone is a mixed salad bowl of confusion, lost, and somber, which highlights the struggle and hardship she has gone through. “On my hands and knees I crawled under the bed, and cuddled myself in the dark corner.” (Sa 684) showing the fearful tone of young Sa. “I felt the cold blades of the scissors against my neck, and heard them gnaw off one of my thick braids.” (Sa 684) thus signifying the cut throat feeling Sa displays with the visual of cutting her hair off. Sa’s nature is always frank and focuses on struggle and the oppressed tone adds to the systematically stoic approach to her writing. Both tones differentiate each story giving a comedic and pessimistic view on Indian …show more content…
Alexie and Sa both share the ideas of the Native American assimilation story and the hardships that follow assimilation. Through separation, finding themselves, and “loosing spirit”, Sa and Alexie find themselves at different stages of growth. With a key concept of hair and honor they relate what it is like to be pushed into an unfamiliar culture. Both having pressures to cut their hair and going through Indian schools set up be the federal government. Therefore their literary merit is similar in the purpose to tell their experience immersed in American culture. Sa explains the terrible punishment, she was told to"Mash these turnips," and mash them I would!”(Sa 686). Sa put into detail of how she “sent the masher into the bottom of the jar, I felt a satisfying sensation that the weight of my body had gone into it. “ (Sa 686) Where as Alexie “spelled all the words right, she crumpled up the paper and made me eat it.” (Alexie Second Grade).Another key point is when his teacher told him to cut his braids, and his parents came into his class and “dragged their braids across Betty Towle’s desk.” (Alexie Second Grade). Sa had also, been forced to being “carried downstairs and tied fast to a chair… I heard them gnaw off one of my thick braids.” (Sa 684). Major key points are displayed in both pieces and can be attributed to sharing of Indian
“Coming of Age” In the book The Indian Peoples of Eastern America, James Axtell, the editor, gives us various amounts of different documents that explain the lives of the Indians. This gives us, the reader, an insight and perceptive of what it felt like to be an Indian during these hard times. Throughout this time, the Europeans had settled upon North America where the Indians had already founded and adapted upon their survivals.
In 1918 the Carlisle Indian Industrial School shut its doors permanently. What remains of this experiment started by Richard Henry Pratt are not just buildings, but ghosts and scars that refuse to be forgotten. The structures that once constituted this exploratory school now stand where the Carlisle Army Barracks are situated today, and while it may seem as if the only observable aspects to remind us of the past are tombstones and markers, the stories still swirl in this town that became flooded with the desire to assimilate Native Americans. Pratt believed Indians possessed the ability to become a complimentary asset to American society if they received the proper education. He insisted that it was necessary to remove the Indians from the confines of the reservation in order to separate them from their culture and traditions, and transplant them to a setting that encouraged the Native Americans to learn the English language, to work for a living, as well as become useful members of society.
Throughout assimilation, there was a cultural barrier between the Indians and the teachers. At the core of this barrier was the idea that one culture was more civilized than the other. This idea can be seen in both Native American boarding schools and at St. Lucy’s. As stated in Sarah E. Stone’s dissertation, the teachers at Native American boarding schools were not “culturally familiar” (57) with the students and, as a result, treated them differently. Similarly, at St. Lucy’s the nuns saw the wolf girls as barbaric people and treated them accordingly.
“The First Days at Carlisle”: Critical Analysis “The First Days at Carlisle” by Luther Standing Bear takes place in the year of 1879 in Carlisle, Pennsylvania at the Carlisle school, a federal boarding school. The purpose of the school was to force the Native American children to assimilate to the white man's culture and to eradicate their culture and traditions. At the school Native Americans children were taught the ways of the white man, but they were not given beds, they were not well fed, they were treated like prisoners, and they were taken advantage of. Throughout the short story “The First Days at Carlisle,” Luther Standing Bear shows how the Native American children were not well taken care of at the Carlisle school.
The Allotment and Assimilation Era brought about many policies to make Native Americans act “americanized.” Two extremely impactful policies were boarding schools and the allotting of American Indian land. These both affected Native Americans and their culture by splitting up families and tribes and forcing them to assimilate into American culture. Although both policies are extremely devastating for their culture, allotment and boarding schools had slightly different impacts and legacies on the culture. Allotment had a bigger impact on Native American communities at the time, whereas boarding schools had a more significant lasting legacy.
A segment of the documentary analyzes the impact of these schools on Native Americans today. Specifically, how the educational system is an integral aspect of the portrayal
Native Americans flourished in North America, but over time white settlers came and started invading their territory. Native Americans were constantly being thrown and pushed off their land. Sorrowfully this continued as the Americans looked for new opportunities and land in the West. When the whites came to the west, it changed the Native American’s lives forever. The Native Americans had to adapt to the whites, which was difficult for them.
In his book the Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, Sherman Alexie portrays a teenage boy, Arnold Spirit (junior) living in white man’s world, and he must struggle to overcome racism and stereotypes if he must achieve his dreams. In the book, Junior faces a myriad of misfortunes at his former school in ‘the rez’ (reservation), which occurs as he struggles to escape from racial and stereotypical expectations about Indians. For Junior he must weigh between accepting what is expected of him as an Indian or fight against those forces and proof his peers and teachers wrong. Therefore, from the time Junior is in school at reservation up to the time he decides to attend a neighboring school in Rearden, we see a teenager who is facing tough consequences for attempting to go against the racial stereotypes.
The Progressive Movement believed that Indian culture was inferior to white culture, which led to boarding schools, reservations, and suppression of Indian culture. Although well intended, the Progressive policies resulted in loss of identity and led to the ultimate failure of Native American education. The Progressive Era was from the 1890s to the 1920s, and it occurred all over the United States. The Progressive Movement was an attempt to fix the corrupted government, break up monopolies, and improve problems in society. The Progressives thought that the Indians were problematic to white society who believed that land was sacred, and the whites felt that land was to use.
Being a writer of many different styles, Sherman Alexie started off as a poet before writing novels and short stories. His poetic manner continues in the story “Indian Education”. He has a wide array of dry statements mixed with metaphors and statements that are not meant to be taken literally. The trend for each years is that he starts off dry and literal and ends poetic and metaphorical. His description of his interactions with the “white girl” in seventh grade is a great example.
In this story, cultural assimilation is shown from the perspective of Harley Wind Soldier, Frank Pipe who are the students in the class of colonialist educator, Jeannette McVay. Although Jeannette tries to adapt to the culture of the “isolated territory” (31-34), neither the students nor Jeannette understand each other because of the cultural differences (40-43). This situation resulted in that the students demand to read stories belonging their culture and the teacher wants to improve herself about native culture (50,
Sherman Alexie is a Native American poet, novelist, short story writer, essayist, comedian, filmmaker and scriptwriter. He represents the second generation of Native American writers who have become prominent in the 1990s. He is the most recognized, prolific, and critically acclaimed author in modern Native American literature. He has been described by David Moore as "the reigning world heavyweight poetry bout champion in the second generation of Native American literary renaissance begun in the 1960s".1 Alexie was born on October 7, 1966, in the town of Wellpinit on the Spokane Indian Reservation in eastern Washington State. Alexie's father, Sherman Sr., is from the Native American tribe of Coeur d'Alene.
The nature of these boarding schools was to assimilate young Native Americans into American culture, doing away with any “savageness” that they’re supposedly predisposed to have. As Bonnin remembers the first night of her stay at the school, she says “I was tucked into bed with one of the tall girls, because she talked to me in my mother tongue and seemed to soothe me” (Bonnin 325). Even at the beginning of such a traumatic journey, the author is signaling to the audience the conditioning that she was already under. Bonnin instinctively sought out something familiar, a girl who merely spoke in the same “tongue” as her. There are already so few things that she has in her immediate surroundings that help her identify who and what she is, that she must cling to the simple familiarities to bring any semblance of comfort.
Conversely, Native American’s education was exciting, but also exceedingly strict. The years before the children became teenagers was considered as the time for fun. Children could explore the nature, swim in the ponds, play soccer, shoot at each other, collect nuts in the forest, and chase animals. Their lives were full of vigor and vitality of juvenile childish. As they grew older, they had to learn life skills.
Various historians, such as Richard Pratt and Ellis B. Childers have very strongly criticized Indians and their beliefs. However, they did not want to continue hating Indians for who they were, so they decided to compromise and open a school to help the Indians be who white people wanted them to be. The stated purpose of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School was to help teach the Indians a new way of living, and the New York Herald states this as, “He says the efforts of the government are in the direction of bringing up a class of young men who will be leaders of their people in taking them away from the chase and war as the sole worthy occupation for the hands of men” (New York Herald, 1879.) The New York Herald’s point is that the Indians,