Synopsis 2 In Edward Miller’s War Plan Orange, 1897–1941: The Blue Thrust Through the Pacific essay I have learned about the United States preparation and strategy of “Plan Orange”. Orange being the code name for the Japanese plan of war well before war had even started. The plan was first drawn up when president Roosevelt was looking for what our strategy would be if we were to go to war with Japan as a result of “Japan’s military strength and the tensions between the two countries over Japanese immigration to the United States” The plan was drawn up by the joint Army and Navy Board and later refined by the Navy’s General Board. With Japan being a remote island group and “dependent on imports” the main question became “how to get its (United States) navy over there” ? From there came two different philosophies, one being thrusters and the other being called cautionaries. Thrusters looking for a much quicker and forceful attack to push naval forces across the Pacific. On the other end of the spectrum cautionaries, who wanted to …show more content…
The first period being around 1906. The plan started out as a three phase war. Japan would make a strong southern attack, then the fleet would sail down to Manila and rescue troops and build an advanced base and lastly in the third phase the United States would impose a tight blockade. In the second period the plan moved more towards the cautionaries side with them reinstating the island hopping campaign. In the third period starting in 1934 where the island hopping campaigned was enhanced and dubbed the path the “Royal Road” . In the fifth period there was five rainbow plans created each designated their own color. In period six, 1941, after the Pearl Harbor attack Nimitz took control and lead a raid on the Marshall Islands. General MacArthur constructed a base in the Philippines. The United States continued on with the plan and eventually ended the war with atomic
They wanted more land and they took what they wanted.apan needed natural resources like oil, steel and iron. As shown in document (D) the U.S had cut Japan off of 80% of their oil. Oil that they needed to fuel their boats to move other resources in and out of Japan.
The battle was started by General Yamamoto, Yamamoto’s plan was to draw out the United States navy and capture the island. The island of Midway Atoll was a small island in the Pacific. The United States had an airfield on the island. This was the last Pacific defense for the United States. Six months prior to the battle.
While the Imperial Navy’s Adm. Isoroku Yamamoto, who was also known as the “chief architect of the attack on Pearl Harbor, stated that he believed it was impossible for Japan to win such a war but Japan had to gain the upper hand at the very beginning so that the United States just might be enticed to the negotiating table” (Timms). Hotta revealed her own interpretation by reviewing relevant published primary sources and the reasons why Japan decided to attack the Pearl Harbor. In addition, everyone talked about going to war such as the “Japan’s top brass referring to the prime minister, the foreign minister, the army and navy ministers, and the chiefs of the army and navy general staff”
Roosevelt’s goal was to try to convince the congress and senate to get their approval to go to war with Japan. He intended to get a positive response and the documents were signed hours after his address. Roosevelt had documents that Japan made false statements of holding peace weeks before the attacks of Hong Kong, Guam, The
The Japanese were aware of this and using it to their advantage by examining the possibility of capturing Port Moresby, Tulagi, New Caledonia, Fiji and Samoa (Navy & Straczek, 2015). The objective of this plan was to expand and improve the Japanese perimeter as well as cutting America and Australia’s lines of
Japan ambushed Pearl Harbor with the intentions of obtaining world domination, vengeance on the United States, and to prevent becoming a third-class
Japan’s mail in December 1940 indicated they planned to attack the southwest, which was Singapore, the south, which was the Philippines, or the east, which was Pearl Harbor (Schweikart and Allen 617). However, they claim the attack was one of the sole reasons America declared
Although the U.S. had indeed placed an embargo on goods they knew Japan needed, the U.S. thought they were at peace with Japan and, “at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with its Government and its Emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific” (Roosevelt). The intention for making the embargos was to halt Japan’s expansionism (Pruitt). At Pearl Harbor before the attack, Admiral Husband E. Kimmel of the Navy and Lieutenant General Walter C. Short of the Army were in command of the fleet and troops on the ground. According to historynet.com, “the majority of the Pacific area’s military commands were headquartered there because of growing apprehensions regarding an aggressive Japanese presence.” However, the U.S. believed that if the Japanese were to attack, they expected it to be on the Philippines.
Furthermore, Truman was trying to cut off their sea ports in order to prevent aid and resources. Another option was to wait for the Russians to eventually join the Pacific war and the potential invasion of Kyushu. All could be considered reasonable methods that could reduce the cost of war and lives. Yet so many complications began to appear, with no sign of Japan backing out. The leaders of Japan would not admit the condition of their economy being affected by aerial attacks.
(Doc C) Because of the U.S military presence building in the Pacific, Japan was worried that the U.S could possibly use their forces to attack Japan in order to try to stop them. So, the Japanese believed it needed to cripple the U.S navy early on so they could continue to gain
Once the United States started pushing forward, the Japanese opened
The new order is becoming a reality shown on the map where Japan has control of most of East Asia which consists of Manchuria, China, and French indochina by 1940 (Doc.B). So in order to carry out their plan, United States needed to be removed leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor. Japan attacked Pearl Harbor because the U.S. was becoming a threat with their rapid growth in their Navy. Naval Expansion Act was passed on July of 1940 which would allow the U.S. to triple their naval ships by 1944 (Doc.C). This starts to worry Japanese prime minister and war minister Hideki Tojo, who later meets up with top Japanese officials on November of 1941, to secretly talk about the United States Naval Expansion and how it is a danger to Japan future
Imperial Japanese forces were intent on landing a large force in Port Moresby, New Guinea and seize control of air fields on the island. The secondary plan was to also isolate Australia from allied support. “Early in 1942, Japan decided to block the Allies from setting up bases in Australia. Operation MO would send a large invasion force to Port Moresby, the capital of New Guinea. From Port Moresby, the Japanese would be able to project air power beyond the northern tip of Australia and establish bases even further south” (Hearn, Chester G., Carriers in Combat:
The main deficiency with Japan’s war plan for Midway, as Symonds pointed out, came from the assumption that the Americans would react and behave in the way that the Japanese wanted, enough for them to strangle and beat down U.S. forces enough to drag them to the negotiation table as they had done with the Russians in the Russo – Japanese War. One mistake that Symonds pointed made on the part of the Japanese regarding their Midway plan was that attacking the island itself provided no advantage for them but everything for the Americans. Japan did not have the resources to both take over Midway and maintain the island, but it boosted all the benefits for the Americans because Midway provided land-based air cover, shorter logistic lines and was close enough to repair facilities that the U.S. forces did not have to stress. Essentially by picking this island, the Japanese had lost another step in the overall battle. Midway was closer to the U.S. bases which were crawling with American submarines and therefore easier to protect instead of the geographical location of Japan were trying to provide resources to Japanese on the would be occupied island would stretch out Japan’s already depleting sources as pointed out by Commander Miyo.
The Philippines were in-between Japan and their potential oil supply,(DOC B). A possible and smart tactic for Japan would to attack Pearl Harbor and while the fleet is weak, take over the Philippines. Once Japan had acquired the Philippines they would have a base to take over many nations that have large oil amounts. A major factor as to why Pearl Harbor was attacked was that the Americans were cutting Japan off from their oil supply. Japan, as an island nation, had very few natural resources and were very dependant on the American oil.