Acid dissociation constant Essays

D-glucono-δ-lactone is a leavening agent so is added to pizza crust to cause expansion of the dough. When water is added to the dough mixture containing D-glucono-δ-lactone and sodium bicarbonate, they dissolve. D-glucono-δ-lactone hydrolyses to gluconic acid, which then reacts with the sodium bicarbonate to produce CO2. Refrigeration adversely affects baker’s yeast making it unsuitable for use in a refrigerated pizza crust. Additionally, D-glucono-δ-lactone can prevent discoloration of the dough during

Determination of Ka of a Weak Acid by Titration Lab The purpose of the lab is to determine the dissociation constant of a weak acid through an acid-base titration. An unknown acid was added to DI water to form a solution. Phenolphthalein was added to the acid solution. The acid solution was then titrated with sodium hydroxide until it reached the endpoint. The same amount of acid solution was added to the titrated solution in order for the solution to reach its midpoint. The experiment was repeated

Practical I: Acid-base equilibrium & pH of solutions Aims/Objectives: 1. To determine the pH range where the indicator changes colour. 2. To identify the suitable indicators for different titrations. 3. To identify the unknown acid. 4. To determine acid dissociation constant, Ka and pKa for the unknown acid. Introduction: Titration process is used in an acid-base experiment in order to determine the concentrations of solutions of acids and bases. Through the titration process, we are able to identify

3. Results and discussion 3.1. Coagulation performance of CB[8] for HA removal The effect of the CB[8] dosage on HA coagulation in the absence of added salts in the synthetic water (fresh water) was investigated at pH 7.5. When the CB[8] dosage was less than 0.2 mmol/L, flocculation was not observed during coagulation. The HA removal efficiency was less than 50% (Fig. 1a). When the CB[8] dosage was higher than 0.2 mmol/L, considerable amounts of flocs formed. At a CB[8] dosage of 0.3 mmol/L, the

formed by the dissociation of the acid: HA ⇄ H+ + A- Hence, when acid is added, the excess H+ reacts with the A- to form more HA, lowering the pH and minimising the effect of the addition of acid. When alkali is added, the OH- reacts with the dissociated H+ to form water, which reduces the effect of the alkali by restoring the pH to normal levels. Alka Seltzer acts as a buffer because the citrate ions in solution (C6H5O73-) are able to react with H+ when acid is added, to form citric acid, C6H8O7. This

eyes. With the objective of differentiating the two unknown substances, the ideal method to determine which substance is an acid or base was utilizing litmus paper. After a few drops of the first substance, on one half of the litmus paper, no colour change was observed. It was concluded that the second solution would be the acid or base. To determine whether it was an acid or base, a few drops of the solution was applied to the other half of the litmus paper, resulting in a colour change to the colour

known as cation-exchange or anion-exchange chromatography, depending on whether the solutes to be exchanged are positively or negatively charged. Size Exclusion Chromatography: Here the molecules are separated according to their molecular weight and it is suitable for molecules having molecular weight of 2000 Daltons or more. Largest molecules are eluted first and the smallest molecules last. Affinity Chromatography: Here the stationary phase contains specific groups of molecules which can absorb

If it’s exactly 7 then it is called neutral. Lemon juice and vinegar are both very acidic, while bleach and soapy water are very basic. Opposite to the typical assumption, the pH scale can range from less than 0 to greater than 14 for very strong acids and bases. Brine shrimp are native to the Great Salt Lake. Even though they are used as fish food, they can also represent

the concentration of an unknown acid? The law of conservation of mass will be observed in this lab because in a balanced or neutralized equation the number of moles of the acid is equal to the number of moles of the base. An equation that will be observed is that when an acid and a base are combined in a reaction they will produce salt and water. In order to properly conduct this lab procedure many different properties of acids and bases need to be understood. Acids have a pH lower than seven, turn

Safety is the number one consideration when it comes to jobs like welding. Welding can be very hazardous to a welder if he or she is not wearing the proper safety gear or taking the proper safety procedures. When welding a number of things could go wrong from explosions and gases and fumes to electrical shocks, burns and more. This paper will describe welding hazards and procedures that can be taken to avoid them. One of the main safety hazards of welding is fumes and gases. Many processes such

1. In step 1 HCl, a strong acid, was added one drop at a time to DI water. The addition of HCl to the DI water resulted in the pH going down. The first drop of HCl that was added caused the pH to go from 5.24 down to 4.20. The second drop caused the pH to go to 3.92, followed by the third drop which caused the pH to go to 3.79. The overall addition of HCl caused a 1.45 drop in pH. 2. Step 2 was the same as step 1 but NaCl, a salt of a strong acid-strong base, was used in replace of DI water. The

prepare a buffer for an unknown amino acid with the goal of identifying the unknown amino acid. The objective was to use the Henderson Hasselbalch equation to determine the buffer capacity, and to use the pKa values and molecular weight, to identify the unknown amino acid through acid-base titrations. Titration was done on the unknown amino acid with a strong acid and base while titration was done on NaCl, which acted as a blank for identifying the unknown amino acid and was used to find the true titration

the unknown acid though doing pH titration. To obtain the unknown acid, the KA value of the acid was determined through experimentation of the reaction (a quantitative method). Another method to obtain the unknown acid solution is through qualitative observations. The unknown number of the solution was 152. Introduction: This lab was to determine the derivative of the acetic acid that was contained in the unknown acid solution. The derivatives of acetic acid were: monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic

of a weak acid, I became intrigued by the factors that affected the partial ionization of a weak acid. After learning about Le Chatelier's ionization of a weak acid with the addition of a common ion. This investigation will observe the percent ionization of a weak acid when its ionic strength, a quantitative measure of the concentration of ions in a solution, is varied with the addition of salts. This investigation is done in hopes of finding an effective way to further ionize a weak acid, beyond the

mL buffers and evaluate its buffer capacity at pH 4. To do this, buffer #1 consisted of the mixture of 0.5003 M acetic acid and .50 M sodium acetate, while buffer #2 consisted of the mixture .5003 M acetic acid and .4289 M NaOH. Within each mixture, there is a ratio of conjugate acid to conjugate base. By using the Henderson Hasselbalch equation, the volume for the base and acid to buffer the pH of solution at 4.0 were calculated. Two titration were performed for each buffer: HCl and NaOH. A pH

Samantha Denise Sanchez OT 1-1 Movie Review Ma’am Anne Peggy Obre Movie Critique of “Awakenings” The Writer: Oliver Sacks The Director: Penny Marshall December 12, 1990 The movie “Awakenings” is a story about a doctor's extraordinary work in the Sixties with a group of catatonic patients he finds languishing in a Bronx hospital. Speculating that their rigidity may be akin to an extreme form of Parkinsonism, he seeks permission

Tatiana Tarasoff was a young college student who was enjoying her life at the University of California at Berkeley in 1968. Also on this campus was another student by the name of Prosenjit Poddar, originally from India. Their paths would cross on numerous occasions and the evil that came from it will create a question and situations that would affect future generations of counselors from that moment forward. When it comes to duty to warn, what role is it of the counselor when protecting their client

This paper summarizes the article, “A Longitudinal Naturalistic Study of Patients With Dissociative Disorders Treated by Community Clinicians” (Brand, McNary, Classen, Loewenstein, Myrick, Lanius & Pain, et al., 2009). Reviewing this article revealed DID presents numerous challenges for the practitioners who perform assessments for a clinical diagnosis. Most Professionals approach this disorder with caution because of it's interrelated problems, as well as the on going controversies surrounding

Beyond Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: A Look into Real Cases of Dissociative Identity Disorder Katelyn Hong Jefferson University Beyond Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: A Look into Real Cases of Dissociative Identity Disorder People with mental illnesses have often been stigmatized in society, and those with Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) are no exception. A negative social stigma has developed toward DID, which is colloquially referred to as split or multiple personality disorder (MPD). This is partially

The theoretical perspective behind Prolonged Exposure is the Emotional Processing Theory (EPT) that originated from the psychological fundamentals of classical conditioning (Ougrin, 2011). EPT was developed in 1986 by Michael J. Kozak and Edna B. Foa to cure anxiety disorder. Foa later used EPT to introduce Prolonged Exposure Therapy for PTSD. According to this theory, PTSD symptoms develop and get worse over time because patients cognitively and behaviorally avoid any situations, thoughts, or reminders