Aldol condensation Essays

Aldol condensation In the aldol condensation the α-carbon of one aldehyde or ketone molecule adds to the carbonyl carbon of another. The base is most often used is -OH. The product is a β-hydroxy aldehyde or ketone, which in some cases is dehydrated during the course of the reaction. Even if the dehydration is not spontaneous, it can usually be done easily, since the new double bond will be in conjugation with the C=O bond.   Ritter Reaction Alcohols is converted by a strong acid to a carbocation

Cross Condensation of aldol 2015007632 Dowrie, K Contents Reaction 1 Introduction 1 Experiment Procedure 2 Experimental results 3 Table of calculations 3 Calculations 3 NMR 4 TLC 4 References 5 Reaction Introduction An aldehyde reaction is when aldehydes and keytones, both containing an α-hydrogen in the presence of an alkali group condenses and forms an enone. Acetone has α-hydrogens on each side. The proton can be removed and therefore giving a nucleophile anion. The aldehyde carbonyl is more

Experiment 2: Preparation and Spectrophotometric Analysis of Copper(I) Iodide Abstract: This experiment aims to determine the concentration of “Purified CuI” sample. Crude CuI is obtained by reacting CuSO4.5H2O with KI and Na2S2O3 in de-ionized water. A series of decanting and centrifugation is carried out to extract the crude CuI. Crude CuI was later purified by dissolving it in hot KI solution. The solution was later transferred into de-ionized water and placed in an ice bath to allow for re-precipitation

When the question of what to do with our wealth is raised to us at the end of our lives we read Andrew Carnegies "Gospel of Wealth." Andrew Carnegie argues that there are only three ways in which one can pass on their wealth. Of these three different ways Andrew Carnegie argues that the way to pass down wealth that is most beneficial to society is when it is administered during the lives of the possessors. I agree with the basis of Carnegie denouncing passing on wealth from father to son, and when

Introduction: Benzopinacol can be prepared from benzophenone in presence of sun light (photochemically) using isopropanol as the reducing agent in presence of acetic acid. Acetic acid is added to prevent the cleavage of benzopinacol to benzophenone and benzhydrol by the alkali derived from the glass container used for the reaction. Benzopinacol obtained in the first experiment is converted to benzopinacolone by heating under reflux (5 minutes) with glacial acetic acid containing trace amount of iodine

Equ 13. 4-(5-nolyl)-Pyridinum Cation Containing CILs Catalyzed Aldol Reactions Equ 14. Amide Functionalized Proline based CILs Organocatalyst for Aldol Reactions 3.4. Asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction. In 1997, Howarth and his group80 reported first, the asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction by using dialkylimidazolium salts (chiral and achiral) as efficient organocatalyst between crotonaldehyde or methacrolein and cyclopentadiene. The enentiomeric excess was less than 5% and no such diastereoselectivity

Long winter coats: Who doesn’t like to warm up themselves on a cold day? No one likes to be cold especially during winter season. Traditionally at this time of the year people invest in a great coat. Outlasting every trend, long winter coats are one of the most preferred choices, this piece of writing will help you know some details about the same. It is one of the traditional options known to many providing complete protection from the biting cold. In general, they are belted at the waist, with

The United States prides itself on being a country of opportunities where the underprivileged can rise up and everyone is treated equally, but is that really the case? In reality the income of an individual gives them advantages of going above the system. The sociological explanation of the influence of the wealthy over the criminal justice system is described in the of the Pyrrhic defeat theory written in Jeffrey Reiman and Paul Leighton book The Rich Get Richer and the Poor get Prison Ideology

It has long been said that money can’t buy happiness, but still people continue to use it’s acquisition to try to make themselves happy. In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, the title character struggles with this realization. The book is set in New York during the ‘Roaring 20’s’, a time famous for its parties and lavishness. The book examines the attitudes toward money within the upper particularly through the lense of the new-money title character, Jay Gatsby. Gatsby dedicated his

Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception" is a part in Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer's book "Logic of Enlightenment" which examines their renowned idea of the "society business". In this part Adorno and Horkheimer view entrepreneur's society industry as a part of the edification has deceived itself by permitting instrumental rationale to assume control human social life (an idea created all through "Dialecticof Enlightenment"). As indicated by Adorno and Horkheimer society industry

In the passage The Want of Money by William Hazlitt, he describes the hardship that money comes with. He adequately reveals his purpose by using anaphora, pathos, and syntax. By using those rhetorical terms his is able to effectively convey to the reader that nothing good ever comes out of the extreme want of money. Throughout The Want of Money, Hazlitt uses anaphora to repeat the same phrases and words to show the importance of what he saying and emphasize his personal opinion to the reader. One

“Protest” was written in 1914 by Ella Wheeler Wilcox, she was an activist and also a teacher of the occult. I decided to write on this poem because it speaks a lot on today's issue, doesn’t necessarily address them but although talks about how many people really feel today. Ella Wheeler was born in Johnstown, Wisconsin in 1850. She was a very popular writer who was characterized mainly by her upbeat and optimistic poetry. Ella wheeler began to write poetry at a very young age and had grown up on

Have you ever thought that money can buy a person’s happiness? People cannot live without money, money can buy every one’s happiness. People can buy whatever they want with money. The issue of some individuals who do not understand how to use and spend their money, is that they do not know what are the things that they really need to use, and the reason of why do they must buy them. Many people are spending their money on things that they do not need, so those people are wasteful with money. At

The Wealth of Nations is a book that has stood the test of time for scholars interested in economics for hundreds of years. The theories of Adam Smith were revolutionary in the way that they set up modern capitalism. In this essay, I will go over Smith’s views on the gains of specialization, the role of government in the economy, and the relationship between workers, landowners, and capitalists. One of the first principles Smith introduces is the idea of specialization. His theory was that people

The American Dream, many people come to America to obtain it. Some gain it through illegal methods and some of the actual struggle of having nothing and striving for the success and money. The American Dream is just an idea or lifestyle, no one really gains it, they might get the money but won’t be happy. The American Dream is a myth, a lie. People might gain the money and success but will not have the family, love, respect. Something will go wrong in life and make the person unhappy or they

People are accustomed to strive to do the best they can in regards to accomplishing their goals. For some people it is to be rich, famous, or powerful. Others decided that they wanted a safe place to raise their children and obtain wealth, not with ease but with hard work and determination. Based on the reading, I agree with Borosage on the fact that the American dream has died out over the years due to the enormous wage gap and the disappearing of the middle class. The American dream is no longer

Oxo synthesis and aldol condensation are chemical synthesis route, both of which use petroleum as the raw materials, and thus need a large investment and have strict technical equipment requirements. The biological fermentation of butanol from renewable resources (biomass) is generally

The objective of this experiment was to use an aldol condensation reaction to synthesize 3-nitrochalcone from 3- nitrobenzaldehyde. This was accomplished with a Diels-Alder reaction that utilized 3-nitrobenzaldehyde, acetophenone, ethanol, and sodium hydroxide. The mechanism for the synthesis of 3-nitrochalcone is presented in Figures 1 and 2. The alpha carbon on the acetophenone is deprotonated. This is followed by the attack of the alpha carbon anion on the carbonyl carbon on the 3-nitrobenzaldehyde

It is type of condensation reaction, which involve the condensation of acidic anhydride and aldehyde in the presence of weak base (i.e. Sodium and potassium salt of the acid or trimethylamine) to give unsaturated carboxylic acid.(Equation-1)[1].In 1968 Perkin described the very first example of such type condensation reaction, involve the synthesis of coumarin by condensing the sodium or potassium salt of salicylaldehyde with acetic anhydride (Equation-2)[2].Generally such type of reaction is only

catalyst. The product of this novel one-pot, three components synthesis that precipitated on cooling of the reaction mixture was identified as 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one and this reaction came to be known as “Biginelli reaction”, or “Biginelli condensation”, or “Biginelli dihydropyrimidine synthesis” after the name of its inventor “Pietro Biginelli”.1 Mechanism Forty years after Biginelli’s initial report, the first mechanism for the synthesis of DHPMs was conducted by Folkers and Johnson