Alkali Essays

The saponification (a reaction in making soap) process is a base (usually NaOH or KOH) hydrolysis of triglycerides to make salt (soap) and glycerol. Alkalis such as Sodium carbonate and Sodium hydroxide are used to neutralize the fatty acid and convert it to a salt. The molecules crystallize differently depending on the base used. NaOH produces a harder bar while KOH is used more frequently for liquid soaps. In some cases, Lithium soaps are formed and produce much harder soaps. There are four

Since driving your car every day, it's already a given that you're going to get dirty. If it rains or shines, placed in the garage or not, dust and dirt will accumulate in certain areas. Due to this, your car deserves some tender offer care, even in the simplest ways. As owner and driver, you can keep cleaning your car by washing and soaping your outside. Although you can always bring your car wash from the neighborhood, it will cost you some money. Finding the right soap to use is not a problem

Aim The aim of the experiments to be carried out is to determine the kinetic parameters, Km and Vmax, of Alkaline Phosphatase. Theory, Principles and Application of Principles Enzymes are a huge varying group of proteins which are needed to carry out essential metabolic functions in cells. Substrate-specific enzymes, like Alkaline Phosphatase, act as catalysts lowering the needed activation energy to convert the substrate to product. Enzymes are made up of amino-acids and amino-groups have side chains

are copper, zinc, silver, and magnesium. The solutions are copper nitrate, silver nitrate, zinc nitrate, and magnesium nitrate. If the element is in the alkali earth metals such magnesium than it should be more reactive with the solutions than most groups and the metals in the transition metals should have some reaction to some solutions. Alkali earth metals are pretty reactive while transition metals are less reactive. Analysis:

elements in order relative atomic mass. Mendeleev realized that the characteristics of the elements where according to their atomic weight, so he arranged them so elements with the same properties would be in a column called a column. Column one is the alkali metals. Column two is the alkaline earth metals, Columns three thru twelve are called the transition metals. Column seventeen is the halogens. Lastly, column eighteen is the noble gases. These columns are used to divide

by the dissociation of the acid: HA ⇄ H+ + A- Hence, when acid is added, the excess H+ reacts with the A- to form more HA, lowering the pH and minimising the effect of the addition of acid. When alkali is added, the OH- reacts with the dissociated H+ to form water, which reduces the effect of the alkali by restoring the pH to normal levels. Alka Seltzer acts as a buffer because the citrate ions in solution (C6H5O73-) are able to react with H+ when acid is added, to form citric acid, C6H8O7. This

and aggressive management to maximize visual outcome. The outcome ranges from full recovery to a permanent loss of vision. Available options for treatment include medical and surgical interventions. Our case is a young adult male who had a grade II alkali burn in his right eye after an accidental exposure to chemical powder at work. He was medically managed aggressively after admission to a medical ward at King Hamad University hospital with good outcome. Herein, we will discuss and focus in different

P1 - Volumetric Analysis Made Easy The periodic table is split into 8 different categories. Group 1 consists of alkali metals which are very reactive. However group 7 contains very reactive non-metals. The periodic table starts from alkali and ends at noble gases (Group 8). Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) are examples of alkali metals. Helium (He) and Krypton (Kr) are examples of noble gases. The elements that fall under the same groups have similar chemical properties. Atoms of the elements in group

Explain how the molarity of the standard solution (the alkali) was calculated in the experiment (equation explained)- 0.1M of NaOH is required, this equation will be used: Concentration = moles volume This will be rearranged to find the moles needed to carry out the experiment.

The Noble gases have the smallest values for the atomic radius The Alkali metals have the highest values for the atomic radius The Noble gases have the highest values for the first ionization energy The Alkali metals have the smallest values for the first ionization energy The atomic radius of the transition metals are all decreasing and are doing so in a steady manner that they could all

malachite), sand (silica) and an alkali flux (sources of alkali could either have been natron from areas

In 1869 Dmitri Mendeleev introduced a new concept of how to read, understand, and use several elements for chemical equations and experiments based on their properties. This concept is known as The Periodic Table which, cited from the Merriam-Webster dictionary, is "an arrangement of chemical elements based on the periodic law". However, even though he was the first to find out a pattern between every element, he unfortunately was not the first to attempt at the arrangement of the elements. The periodic

acid, glycerol, monoglycerides, and diglycerides. High free fatty acid level, i.e. quantum of free fatty acids greater than 1 mg/g KOH, results in generation of high amounts of undesirable soap simultaneously with transestrification reaction. In the alkali-catalyzed process, the presence of free fatty acid (greater than 1 mg/g KOH) and water in the oil can cause high amounts of undesirable soap formation, also consuming some quantity of alkaline catalyst and reduces the effectiveness, all of which result

Add 50 to 100 ml of freshly neutralized hot ethyl alcohol and about one ml of phenolphthalein indicator solution. 4. Boil the mixture for about five minutes and titrate it against the standard alkali solution while shaking vigorously during the

General reaction of alkali hydrolysis The nylon polymer also only has a partial resistance to sunlight and weather conditions. T he ultraviolet rays from sunlight causes the amino groups of the amide groups to react with the oxygen present in the air, which then produces

Experiment 1 In this experiment we added different Alkali metals to water and noted the observations with Universal Indicator. PROCEDURE 1. First we took some amount of water in a beaker and added 2-3 drops of Universal Indicator 2. Then we cut the Sodium metal into small pieces 3. Then we added the cut pieces to water in the beaker and noted the change observed. 4. We repeated steps 1-3 for Lithium as well OBSERVATIONS 1. Upon adding the drops of Universal Indicator we noticed the short color change

accidental exposure at home, in some instance it could be a result of a criminal assault. It could happen with exposure to alkali or acidic agents, solvents & irritants in form of liquid , powder , solids or vapor. Of these alkali injuries occur more frequently(1-3). Alkali burns are more severe than acidic burns, because of their rapid penetrating effect through the cornea. Alkali agents causes saponification of fatty acids in the cell membrane with subsequent distractiondestruction of mucopolysaccharides

solids. Alkali Metals are made up of six different elements and are found in group one on the periodic table. These metals have only one electron in their outer shell. This means they are ready to lose that one electron in ionic bonding with other elements. As with all metals, the alkali metals are malleable, ductile, and are good conductors of heat and electricity. The alkali metals are softer than most other metals. Cesium and francium are the most reactive elements in this group. Alkali metals

the soaps we use to wash our hands are made up of potassium salts of fatty acids. The process to make soap is called saponification, which involves heating fats and oils and reacting them with a liquid alkali. When the alkali is sodium hydroxide, hard soap is formed “bar soap” and when the alkali is potassium hydroxide, a potassium soap is formed “liquid soap”. A question I have about soap is... If the effectiveness of soap is reduced when used in hard water, why is it that many health care settings

The solubility rules pertaining to the substances used during this lab are as follows: All nitrates, sulfates (except those containing Ba, Ca, Sr, Pb, and Hg₂), compounds containing alkali metals (Na), and chlorides (except those containing Ag, Pb, and Hg₂) are soluble. All compounds containing CO₃, the compound AgCl and some sulfates such as Ag₂SO₄ are insoluble. Given this, the reaction between Silver Nitrate and Hydrochloric produced