Analytical chemistry Essays

Lab 8: Chromatographic Analysis of Analgesic Drugs Written by Gurleen Bhangoo Robinjot Kaur CHEM 3301-02 Professor Jeffery Crisman 21 March 2023 Abstract: Chromatography is an analytical method that is used to separate a mixture of chemical compounds into their individual components, allowing the individual components to be thoroughly analyzed. In this experiment, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is performed to identify an unknown drug, and then column chromatography is used to separate out the

Materials and Methods: For the chromatographic separation of plant pigments, pieces of spinach were ground with acetone to produce a watery extract. A line of extract was applied 1 cm from the bottom of a strip of chromatography paper. The line dried and the extract was reapplied. Once that dried, the paper was placed into a jar containing a small amount chromatography solvent (small enough that the line was not drowned by the solvent) which is made of 1 part acetone and 9 parts petroleum ether

In order to properly separate the molecules from the spinach extract, throughout the column chromatography, we were required to pay close attention to how the bands were flowing through the column. This entailed monitoring the level of the solvent being used to elute the extract and what type of solvent was being used. Beginning the chromatography, we used hexanes because they were the least polar which extracted the least polar molecule from the extract (carotenes). The carotenes did not want to

or solid that stays where it is that is known as stationary phase. As the mobile phase moves, it separates out into its components on the stationary phase and identify one by one afterwards. (1) The development of Gas Chromatography (GC) to be an analytical technique to separate the components of a mixture

Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) Abstract This experiment uses the TLC chromatography technique to identify the presence of acetylsalicylic and Acetaminophen in analgesic drugs (Tylenol and Anacin). It was found that the Anacin and acetylsalicylic had very closer Rf values (0.8 and 0.79). The Tylenol and acetaminophen had closer Rf values (0.54 and 0.58). Hence, Acetylsalicylic acid and acetaminophen were present in Anacin and Tylenol tablets respectively. Introduction Chromatography is the technique

Organic chemistry II Experiment 3: chromic acid oxidation reaction Introduction: Camphor is very compact and its molecular structure is symmetrical which gives it the property to change directly from a solid to vapour when heated. Therefore, camphor can easily be purified by sublimation technique. Sublimation is a phase change in which a solid phase passes directly into the vapour without going through an intermediate liquid phase. Solids which have vapour pressure below melting points can be purified

In our experiment, we are trying to identify the types of dyes used in M&M’s versus skittles using chromatography. Chromatography is a group of techniques used to separate the various components in a complex mixture or solution. Chromatography was invented by a Russian botanist named Mikhail Tsvet. He used column chromatography to study plant pigments, but it became clearer that this technique can be used to separate many complex homogeneous mixtures. In every chromatography structure there is basically

Experiment 4: Thin Layer and Column Chromatography. Name: Matthew Scully ID Number: 16188357 Date of the Experiment: 23rd of February 2018 Introducton: Chromatography is used to separate a mixture into its different components and although there are different types of chromatography (e.g paper, TLC, column, size-exchange, etc.) they all rely on a mobile phase (which may be a gas or liquid) and a stationary

Before Gel Electrophoresis, separation of small molecules was impossible. Today Gel Electrophoresis is the primary method of separating molecules. The ability to separate has greatly improved forensics. paternity/maternity tests, and many other useful tests. Prosecutors being able to prove that a crime was committed because of DNA instead of testimony has improved the criminal justice system greatly. Oliver Smithies developed Gel Electrophoresis in 1950. To separate molecules an electric current

Should the use of performance enhancing drugs be allowed in sports? In this essay I will be writing about the usage of performance enhancing drugs and whether they should or should not be allowed to take in sports. I will be mentioning my views on this question, the local and global perspective, as well as the impact that performance enhancing drugs will have on the world of sport and the world in general. Sports is a massive and worldwide industry. From the very start doping/taking drugs in professional

have appeared frequently in actual cases, were endosulfan, lindane, parathion, ethyl-azinphos, diazinon, Malathion, alachlor, tetradifon, fenthion. These study widely reviewed the concern of exposure to pesticides with analytical methods for biological monitoring. All phases of analytical procedures were assessed which included storage, sample preparation, analysis, and validation of methods. The study was main aimed at measuring metabolites or unchanged compounds in urine or blood as biological indicators

causing them to be separated. In fact, the separation is based on differential partitioning between the mobile and stationary phases [1]. Chromatography may be preparative or analytical. The purpose of preparative chromatography is to separate the components of a mixture for later use, and it is a form of purification. For analytical chromatography, it is normally done with smaller amounts of material with the purpose of establishing the

separation and analysis of gaseous samples, liquid solutions, and volatile solids. If the sample to be analyzed is non-volatile, the techniques of derivatization or pyrolysis GC can be utilized. Gas chromatography (GC) has been an indispensable analytical technique in the application of fatty acid determinations in oilseed plant breeding, biosynthesis, and human metabolism. As well as the characterization of complex mixtures of geometric isomers when combined with other chromatographic separations

Complex mixtures can be separated and analyze using physical methods. One of it is chromatography. Two components in a mixture are separated by using the different distribution between two non- miscible phases which is stationary phase and mobile phase. The stationary phase exists as liquid or solid and it is fixed in a system. The mobile phase is a fluid which streams through the chromatographic system. In general, the process of chromatography is about a mixture of various components enter the

Introduction The term chromatography actually means colour writing, and signifies a technique by which the substance to be examined is placed in a vertical glass tube containing an adsorbent, the different segments of the substance traveling through the adsorbent at distinctive rates of velocity, according to their degree of attraction to it, and producing bands of colour at different levels of the adsorption column. The substances least absorbed emerge earliest; those more strongly absorbed emerge

known as cation-exchange or anion-exchange chromatography, depending on whether the solutes to be exchanged are positively or negatively charged. Size Exclusion Chromatography: Here the molecules are separated according to their molecular weight and it is suitable for molecules having molecular weight of 2000 Daltons or more. Largest molecules are eluted first and the smallest molecules last. Affinity Chromatography: Here the stationary phase contains specific groups of molecules which can absorb

3. Results and discussion 3.1. Optimization of chromatographic conditions A rapid, simple, reproducible and accurate RP-HPLC method was developed for simultaneous determination of pregabalin and atenolol in dosage forms, spiked and volunteer human urine. To optimize the proposed HPLC method; several parameters such as effect of organic modifier, pH of buffer and flow rate were studied. The effect of organic modifier: The percentage of organic modifier (methanol) has a critical effect on separation

Ion Exchange Chromatography is a technique for ionic separation based on exchange with resins in stationary phase and the eluents in mobile phase. These stages are based on the exchanges in an anion column to attract anions or in a cation column to attract cations. cations. A column measures the conductivity of a particular ion based on its affinity/attraction to it. The speed of movement of ions through the ion chromatograph columns depends not only on the diameter of the column but basically on

Detection and Purification A Monascus pigments is a complex of azaphilone compounds, which can be separated by using various analytical techniques. UV- Visible spectrophotometric methods The UV-Visible spectrophotometric method is usually used for the confirmation of pigments produced by Monascus with taking absorbance at a respective wavelength. i.e. Yellow pigment at 400, Orange 470, and Red at 500 nm. The pure solvent or extract of unfermented substrate was always used as the blank (Carels and

Abstract Gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is an important technique which is used for the analysis of mixtures. In these instruments the mixture allows mixtures the instrument allows mixtures to separate in each components and determine the amounts of components present in sample. By using GC and HPLC we can analyzed a very small (microliters) sample. The sample which we want to analyze by GC must be volatile. The vaporized sample is allowed to flow in along