Aniline Essays

Introduction: Benzopinacol can be prepared from benzophenone in presence of sun light (photochemically) using isopropanol as the reducing agent in presence of acetic acid. Acetic acid is added to prevent the cleavage of benzopinacol to benzophenone and benzhydrol by the alkali derived from the glass container used for the reaction. Benzopinacol obtained in the first experiment is converted to benzopinacolone by heating under reflux (5 minutes) with glacial acetic acid containing trace amount of iodine

Kolbe-Schmitt Reaction Kira Wall (CHE433) 12-3-14 The Kolbe-Schmitt reaction is named after Hermann Kolbe and Rudolf Schmitt. Schmitt published his research in the Journal fur Pracktische Chemie in 1885 while Kolbe published his research in the Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie in 1860. The reaction adds a carboxyl group onto the benzene ring of a phenol. The process uses a base carbon dioxide and acid work-up. The original reaction done by Kolbe involved the formation of sodium phenoxide

Introduction Acetanilide is a white, crystal-like compound which is the resultant of the synthesis of aniline and acetic anhydride. In 1886, acetanilide was implemented into medicinal practice by P. Hepp and A. Cahn and was the first derivative of aniline that was found to be a pain-reliever. The compound has also been utilized in the manufacturing of other drugs such as penicillin and sulfonamide drugs. Acetanilide can be used as an inhibitor for the decomposition in H2O2 solutions and in the production

The objective of this lab was to perform halogenation reactions where acetanilide and aniline were brominated. The bromination of acetanilide can results in two possible products: 4-bromoacetanilide and 2-bromoacetanilide. Therefore, the melting point was used to confirm that 4-bromoacetanilide was formed and not 2-bromoacetanilide from the bromination of acetanilide. The bromination of aniline resulted into 2,4,6-tribromoaniline. At the end of the experiment, the mass of each bromination was determined

benzene or benzene derivative is replaced by bromine due to an electrophilic attack on the benzene ring. The purpose of this experiment is to undergo bromination reaction of acetanilide and aniline to form 4-bromoacetanilide and 2,4,6-tribromoaniline respectively. Since -NHCOCH3 of acetanilide and -NH2 of aniline are electron donating groups, they are ortho/para directors due to resonance stabilized structure. Even though the electron donating groups activate the benzene ring, their reactivities are

The objective of this lab was to determine the activating strengths of the directing groups in aniline, phenol, acetanilide and anisole by using melting point to identify the products of their electrophilic aromatic bromination reactions with pyridinium tribromide in glacial acetic acid. The amount of substitution in an aromatic compound in a electrophilic aromatic bromination reaction is dependent upon the reactivity of the aromatic compound itself, which is determined by its substituents’ inductive

spectroscopy (IR), and melting point. During the first week, I dissolved 0.512g of aniline in 8.5mL of water, and added 5.5mL of 1M HLC. During this step, I observed that there were bubbles in the solution, especially at the bottom of the beaker. After adding the HLC, there solution had a slight yellow tint. Next, I mixed 0.529g of sodium acetate in 3mL of water and added 0.679g of acetic anhydride to the aniline solution and immediately added sodium acetate. The solution was cooled in an ice bath

the acetanilide product of the reaction, 1H NMR and IR were used. Results, Discussions, and Conclusions In this experiment, acetanilide was synthesized via nucleophilic acyl substitution from both acetic anhydride and aniline. During this reaction, aniline acts as the nucleophile and acyl (CH3CO-) group from acetic anhydride acts as the electrophile. The hydrogen atom of –NH2 group is replaced by the acyl group. The crude product contained acetanilide, and acetic acid, which was the

Isatin The 1H-indole-2, 3-dione (Isatin), possesses an indole nucleus with two carbonyl groups; the keto and lactum group at positions C-2 and C-3. Isatin is an orange to red solid and is mostly used for synthesis of heterocyclic compounds [1]. The chemical structure of Isatin is shown in (Figure 1). Figure 1: Structure of 1H-indole-2, 3-dione (Isatin) In nature, isatin is present in plants of the genus Isatis, in Calanthe discolor lindl and in Couroupita guianensis

para position. Acetanilide was not synthesized by refluxing a mixture of aniline and acetic anhydride because the high temperature might have caused the synthesis of a diacetylated product instead. Also the reason that sodium hydroxide could not be used instead of sodium acetate is because the sodium hydroxide would react with the acetic anhydride and consume it, preventing the acetic anhydride from reacting with the aniline. This is explained by C4H6O3 + NaOH → C2H4O2 + C2H3NaO2. Referring to the

Observations During the gradual addition of acetic anhydride, the previous solution of aniline later acquired an oil-like layer floating on the surface. Once the mixture was swirled, the solution became cloudy and milky-yellow in colour. The charcoal that was added to the warm solution began clear up the solution. The oil-like droplets began to mix with the solution. Data and Calculations See Lab K report sheet that is attached. Discussion In this experiment, acetanilide was organically synthesized

Preparation of Polyaniline Solution. To obtain polyaniline solution, prepare 0.12M aniline solution by adding 2 ml of aniline into 200 ml of 1 M sulfuric acid. Start with 98% purity sulfuric acid, 10.8784 ml of 98% sulfuric acid is added to 200 ml distilled water to obtain 1 M sulfuric acid. 0.12 M aniline solution can be created by adding 2 ml of aniline and 200 ml of 1 M sulfuric acid. Refrigerated the solution for a night to let the polyaniline solution form nanotube structure. Preparation of

are different types of leather such as Pigmented Leather, Top Grain Leather, Non-Pigmented Leather, Protected Aniline Leather, Semi-Aniline Leather, Distressed Leather, Nubuk Leather, Antiqued Leather and Embossed Leather. Leather can look less natural like Pigmented Leather. Aniline leather looks more natural than any other leather and Semi-Aniline leather is in between pigmented and Aniline leather which has a light surface. Even though there are many types of leather, a leather can be classified

3. Results and discussion 3.1. Exploratory experiments with MM1. In the present work, 17 ILs with different cations and anions were synthesized to evaluate the effect of different molecular structures on the extraction of N-compounds. To our knowledge, the synthesis of some ILs from Table 4, for example, tetra alkyl ammonium with different carboxylic anions has not been published yet. As it was stated in the objectives, the selection of the Feed/IL ratio aimed at the least amount of IL required

Introduction: This preparation illustatrates the benzoylation of amino acid by Schotten Baumann reaction, the hippuric acid is precipitated upon acidifying the reaction mixture. Reaction: Procedure: Dissolve 2.5g of glycine in 25 ml of 10 % NaOH contained in a conical flask. Add 5.4g (4.5 ml) of benzoyl chloride in two proportions to the solutions. Stopper the flask and shake vigorously after each addition until all the chlorine has reacted. Transfer the solution to a 100 ml beaker and rinse

ring. The product of the reaction is affected by the nucleophilic compound’s substituent and the site where the electrophilic substitution will occur. The substituent on the nucleophile affects its reactivity towards the electrophilic. For example, aniline allows the benzene ring to react more to the electrophilic attack than nitrobenzene, which is a deactivating substituent. Another factor that affects the reactivity of the reaction are the sites where the electrophilic attack will occur. It is likely

Guimond and Fagnou et al disclosed an intermolecular and mechanistically distinct approach for the synthesis of the isoquinolone motif 1.46 via Rh(III)-catalyzed annulation of benzhydroxamic acids 1.45 with alkynes (Scheme 1.13).20 This reaction proceeds in the absence of any external oxidant and N-O bond in the hydroxamic acid is utilized for the C-N bond formation. In the case of meta-substituted benzhydroxamic acids, annulation occur regioselectively at the less hindered side. Both symmetrical

INTRODUCTION The brain is a delicate and very complex organ located in the head of vertebrate and invertebrate animals. The brain can be said to be the controller of the actions and coordination of an animal. Therefore, the brain should remain unchanged no matter what we take into the body. Nowhere in the body is there more need for homeostasis than in the brain. The blood is a body fluid that circulates constantly. It transports oxygen to the cells by the work of the red blood cells which contain

1. Introduction Epoxides (or oxiranes) are highly versatile intermediates in synthetic organic chemistry. Nature also uses them as intermediates in many key biosynthetic pathways. However, there are other functions of epoxides in biological systems. They can impart localised structural rigidity, confer cytotoxicity by alkylation, or be secondary metabolites [1]. The chemistry of epoxides is dominated by the reactions that involve opening of the strained three-membered heterocyclic ring by nucleophiles

When the dangers of America are first revealed to Jurgis, he describes, “How could they find out that their tea and coffee, their sugar and flour, had been doctored; that their canned peas had been colored with copper salt, and their fruit jams with aniline dye? And even if they had known it, what good would it have done them…?” (Sinclair 63). Louise Willcox, when summarizing The Jungle in her article “The Content of the Modern Novel,” claims, “The wretched Lithuanian peasants, sacrificed to the political