Antimicrobial Essays

Antimicrobial Resistance Throughout the past five decades the misuse of antibiotics for animals and individuals has evolved into antimicrobial resistance making it more difficult to kill infectious organisms (FDA, 2014).The overpopulated and over medicated farms degrades our public health and contributes to our illnesses. Consequently, the steady stream of low dose antibiotics has created superbugs creating a resistance to the antibiotics (Prince, 2015). Antibiotics were created as a therapeutic

Should mandatory antimicrobial stewardship programs set in place to control antibiotic use to decrease the chances of superbugs to emerge? Table of contents Introduction 4 Biological background 5 Alternative views for implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs 6 Alternative views against implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs 6 Conclusion 7 Bibliography 8 Introduction The World Health Organisation has announced antibiotic resistance and the rise of superbugs

U.S government Case Study 2 Antimicrobial Drugs Overview: Gerald Lake, 33 years old, endocarditis an infection he acquired from IV drug use. Vancomycin  1gm IV q6h set to infuse over 1 hour, after 15 minute, half of the antibiotic has been infused. Vancomycin is used only when the other antibiotics fail to resolve an infection. Vancomycin brand name is Vancovin. It is in a class of medication called glycopetide antibiotics. Biological half-life 4h to 11 h for adult. Action:  The medication acts by

circles were soaked in antimicrobial agents and each petri dish received four, one for each respective quadrant. The E. coli dish had the following antimicrobial agent soaked paper circles: antibacterial soap, alcohol, fennel, and bleach. The S. aureus dish had the following antimicrobial agent soaked paper circles: disinfectant, phenol, formaldehyde, and bleach. Aseptic technique was applied. The dishes were placed in an incubator for two days. The effect of the antimicrobial agents was measured

adherence, and eventually the result of therapy. 6.4.2 Involvement of Pharmacists in R&D To avert and manage the transmission of AMR, pharmacists can involve themselves in the fieldwork and generation of new antimicrobials, vaccines, diagnostics, and others18. However, developing new antimicrobials require a lot of time, effort, researches and cost. An organization with powerful public health commission is required to lead and supervise the process of R&D. common initiative including all stakeholders

Antimicrobial drug resistance has prompted the development of several alternative strategies. Among these strategies, nanoscale materials, nanocomposites have emerged as significant and novel antimicrobial agents. Nanomaterials, typically 0.2–100 nm in size, have a high surface-to-volume ratio; this increases their interaction with microorganisms, which in turn improves their antimicrobial activity. Nanomaterials can be useful for in vivo and

Chapter VII ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTY Primary root canal infections are polymicrobial, typically dominated by obligatory anaerobic bacteria. The most commonly isolated microorganisms before root canal treatment include Gram-negative anaerobic rods, Gram-positive anaerobic cocci, Gram-positive anaerobic and facultative rods, Lactobacillus species and Gram-positive facultative Streptococcus species.83 The obligate anaerobes are rather easily eradicated during root canal treatment. In contrast, facultative

especially for treatment and epidemiological purposes arises. Objective: The study was carried out with following objectives in the post-operative wound infections : • To know frequently isolated bacterial microorganism • To know the best effective antimicrobial agent Methodology: The study was carried out in general ward of the North Indian hospitals. The samples from the 50 post operative patients were evaluated for the study. The ages of the patients are in the 20-50 years. The surgical operative procedures

nonetheless, overwhelming evidence that most spices have antimicrobial properties.” (Sherman and Flaxman 143). The fact that spices and their phytochemical concentrations have antimicrobial properties could be a health benefit for the earthworm which it could easily consume as decomposer of plant material. This would also explain the tendency of the worms to have positive reactions to the

Introduction 1. Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a global concern for effective health care delivery.(1) Extensive use of antibiotics in healthcare institutes is one of the main causes for emergence of antimicrobial resistance. (2) The misuse of antibiotics has also contributed to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance, which has become one of the most serious and growing threats to public health. Unnecessary exposure to antibiotics affects patients’ health seriously; suffering from

drug resistance by microbial pathogens become a serious health problem to mankind worldwide. The increase has slowed down the development of new synthetic antimicrobials drugs and has necessitated the search for new antimicrobials from alternative source (Peng et al., 2006). It is aroused due to indiscriminate and repetitive use of antimicrobial drugs coupled with inadequate diseases treatment (Shariff, 2001). To acquire drug resistance microbes have developed series of mechanism to render drug useless

was considered the irrigant with best antimicrobial property by 90% of endodontists and 78.6% of non-endodontists due to fact that it has both pulpal dissolution and antimicrobial activity. NaOCl is a strong base with a pH >1 and behaves like an organic solvent causing amino acid degradation and hydrolysis by the production of chloramines molecules 12. 17.5% endodontists and 18.6% non-endodontists opted chlorhexidine as the irrigant with the best antimicrobial action. It has been suggested that chlorhexidine

Antimicrobial Activity of Three Medicinal Plant Extracts from Duba Province Tabuk, Saudi Arabia on some Human Pathogenic Bacteria Abstract: Three seed extracts of coffee (Coffea arabica), black cumin (Nigella sativa), and date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) plants were purchased from local market in Duba province, west Saudi Arabia were assayed for the in vitro antibacterial activity against three human pathogenic bacteria viz Klebsiella pneumoniae, Psuedomonas sp, and Escherichia coli using hole

Antimicrobial resistance happens when microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses become resistant to the antimicrobial drug. Antimicrobial resistance is a global issue because without the proper antimicrobial medication procedures such as cesarean sections and cancer chemotherapy would become very high risk. The cost of healthcare and hospital stays

Coagulase test Coagulase is an enzyme that causes plasma to clot by activating prothrombin to form thrombin which then catalyzes the activation of fibrinogen to form fibrin. Coagulase test was performed one drop of citrated human plasma was added on a slide by using a plastic loop or wooden stick,. Mix well and clumping was observed within 10-15 seconds indicate the coagulase positive test. Citrate test- Fresh (16- to 18-hour) pure culture was used as inoculation source. A single isolated colony

Our body has a natural defense mechanism that kicks into gear whenever a foreign substance enters it. When the body’s normal defenses is not able to prevent or overcome a disease, antimicrobial drugs can be used to fight off the disease. One of the most important discoveries of modern medicine was antibiotics. Things have changed from where little could be done to treat many lethal infectious diseases to now, where some of these drugs could be called “miracle” drugs. The concept of chemotherapy,

INTRODUCTION Wound infections are one of the bad complications in patients undergoing surgeries. Consequently, infections of different organs or tissues that visible to surgeons may lead to significant increment of postoperative morbidity and mortality beside prolongation of hospital stay.1 It has been well documented that eradication of wound infection resulted in significant increment of patient comfort and decreased medical costs.2 Onche and Adedeji3 stated that Staphylococcus aureus is the predominate

diffrent forms. In fact, according to article "Doctors Enlisted to Turn the Tide on Antibiotic Resistance" and "A Spray That Stops Bacteria From Talking to Each Other Could Reduce Dependence on Antibiotics" some microbes are changing faster than antimicrobials can kill them. As a result, people can contract a bacterial infection that has no cure. These two articles describe bacteria as something humans are at war with. Some people also fear that it is a war we may someday lose. The fact that

microorganisms, capable of inhibiting the growth or destroying another microorganism at low concentrations [1]. The antibiotics field was initiated when Paul Ehrlich first coined the term ‘magic bullet’, or chemotherapy, to designate the use of antimicrobial compounds to treat microbial infections. In 1910, Ehrlich discovered the first antibiotic drug, Salvarsan, which was used to treat Syphilis. Later Alexander Fleming, discovered Penicillin in 1928. Then, in 1935, Gerhard Domagk discovered the sulfa

that has compelled us to practice a more extensive form in the past. MID also displays the same drawback. Our study, in accordance with other studies has also shown incomplete bacterial elimination with excavation only[20]. Several concepts using antimicrobial agents have been tried to eliminate bacteria underneath the restorations, the predominant one being the use of