However, GDM was strongly related to birth weight. Women with GDM were more likely to deliver babies with macrosomia (11). This was because excessive glucose in maternal blood will trigger the baby’s pancreas to produce more insulin-like growth hormone thus the baby will have a higher birth weight (12). Besides, GDM can either increase or decrease the birth weight of baby. GDM was one of the factors causing foetal
Introduction Pregnancy and giving birth to a child are two of the most significant, fantastic, and pleasant events in most women’s lives. However, for some women, they are stressful and may be associated with severe fear of childbirth. Receiving support from partner and family and counseling support may decrease unusual fear of childbirth. If untreated, fear of childbirth remain and increase with approaching labor onset [1]. According to conducted studies, 20% of women experience severe anxiety