Cardiac muscle Essays

Group 3: Linzy Dioguardi, Drew Christerson, Kaitlyn Vander Putten, Teryn Wheeler, Callie Womack Shahang Derakhshan Human Physiology Lab 21 September 2017 Lab 4: Cardiac Muscle Physiology 1. There are many electrical changes and movement of ions during membrane polarization in a cardiac action potential. The following is an overview of the five main phases of an action potential: Phase 4 is the resting phase in which is the beginning and ending phase. It takes place at -90mv due to a constant outward

Introduction The contractile unit of the cardiac muscle fiber is the sarcomere which contains actin, myosin, troponin and tropomyosin. Also known as the thin and thick filaments respectively, actin and myosin interact to enable the shortening and lengthening of the sarcomere. Troponin and tropomyosin are regulator proteins that allow the sarcomere to shorten in the presence of calcium ions (Ca2+) and lengthen in the absence of calcium ions . The interaction of the thin and thick filaments can occur

It is known simply as cardiac muscle tissue. The name may be simple, but cardiac muscle tissue is anything but simple and it deserves an entire section on its own. Cardiac muscle tissue is striated much like skeletal muscle tissue, but is different in that cardiac muscle fibers are shorter and exhibit a “branching” appearance (refer to figure 1.2). Cardiac muscle fibers are also similar to skeletal muscle in that they contain all of the same arrangements of actin

Section A – Part II Cardiac cycle or heartbeat Blood enters and fills both atriums at the same time. When full the pressure causes the tricuspid and bicuspid valves to open and flows into the ventricles. Contraction (systole) of each atrium now forces any remaining blood into the ventricles. The ventricles now contract (systole) and atriums relax (diastole). The pressure closes the tricuspid and bicuspid valves (causes the first sound of the heart beat). The contraction of the ventricles opens

have formed into cardiac patches containing beats throughout, it is time to create a heart outline. Since the cardiospheres fused successfully, I believe that when many of these patches are made, they all can be aligned in the shape of a human heart, so the many patches can all fuse as one. To successfully do this, I will be using a technique where half of the heart will be made using an outline by covering it with these patches for them to mature into strong multicellular cardiac tissues. An outline

The heart is one of many vital organs of the human body. To be more precise, the heart is a muscle about the size of a fist, that never rests (unless the person is dead) from working for the body. The purpose of the heart is to circulate oxygen carrying blood to parts throughout the human body, feeding the cells and keeping the person alive. The heart circulates blood by “pumping” the blood throughout the body, noticeable by the beating. The process goes as follows; oxygen and nutrient deprived

blood flows across one of the heart (valves, cardiac chambers) and or vessels close to the heart Heart murmurs are classified by the intensity of the sound heard: Stage I (murmur is of low intensity and can hardly be heard) to Stage VI (murmur is extremely loud). Cardiac murmurs can be present at birth (congenital; often caused by malformations) or acquired and manifests later in the animals life. (Ex: disease of the cardiac muscles, disease of the cardiac valves, etc.). It is important to note that

The organs are made up of tissues working together, such as the smooth/cardiac muscle tissues and blood. The tissues are made up of different types of cells working together, such as red and white blood cells, along with smooth/cardiac muscle cells. Therefore it can be concluded that the circulatory system is composed of groups of cells. All of the other organ systems throughout the body are also made

Muscular dystrophy is a group of muscle diseases that weaken the musculoskeletal system and hamper locomotion. Muscular dystrophies are characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness, defects in muscle proteins, and the death of muscle cells and tissue. In the 1860s, descriptions of boys who grew progressively weaker, lost the ability to walk, and died at an early age became more prominent in medical journals. In the following decade, French neurologist Guillaume Duchenne gave a comprehensive

Muscles are essential for life. There are three types of muscles. Cardiac, smooth, and skeletal. Four key characteristics for muscles are excitability, contractility, extensibility and elasticity. Excitability pertains to a muscles’ ability to respond to stimuli. This is important for external and internal changes in the body. Contractility is the ability to shorten when sufficiently stimulated. Extensibility is the capability to stretch or extend. When being contracted, muscle cells shorten; but

The musculo skeletal is made of bones, muscles, ligaments and tendons. The purpose of the musculo skeletal system is to protect , support and the overall function of the internal structures and organs of the body. Allow movement, give shape to the body, producing blood cells, storing calcium and phosphorus and producing heat. The skeletal system is made of bones and joints. The skeletal system provides the basic supporting structure of the body. It is made of the joined frame of bones called the

The Musculoskeletal System The Musculoskeletal system is made up of muscle, bones, tendons, cartilage, ligaments, nerves and other connective tissues. The main purpose is to support and stabilise the body. The bones work together with the muscles to allow controlled movement and to keep the body’s shape. The bones of the body provide five main functions they are to produce blood cells (white and red), protect body organs (brain, lungs), provided leverage and movement (so we can sit up), and store

mass of tissue extending from the sternum down to the vertebral column between the lungs. Structurally, the heart is composed of three layers of tissue; epicardium, myocardium (middle layer) and endocardium (inner layer). The epicardium is a layer of muscle composed of mesothelium and connective tissue sheltering the external surfaces of the heart. This external layer is directly merged with the myocardium internally and is in contact with the serous layer of the pericardium. In some cases, it is viewed

weakness and generation of the skeletal muscles that control movement. The patient has to undergo “clinical examination and laboratory procedures, including electromyography, muscle biopsy, DNA analysis and selected enzymes levels assayed from blood samples” (Campbell, Palisano 2006). The most common form of muscular dystrophy occurring in children is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy amongst other prevalent types (Table 1). The focus will be on Duchenne Muscle Dystrophy (DMD), its physiotherapy management

Skeletal- Skeletal muscle is a muscle that is usually attached to bone, and is connected by collagen fibers. These fibers are known as tendons. Skeletal muscle is refers to many bundles of cells known as muscle fibers(fascicles). This type of muscle is highly composed of actin and myosin filaments. These filaments are repeated, forming sarcomeres. The sarcomeres are important to the skeletal muscle because they are responsible for the striations that appear on the skeletal muscle. It also forms the

transplanting muscle fibers. Since there are fast twitch and slow twitch muscle fibers all over the body within every muscle group, one would have to extract the entire muscle. Then there is the issue with the cells of the tissue staying alive during the process of removal and transplant. However, it is possible to increase the number of muscle fast twitch muscle fibers through surgery, but one will not be able to do so without transferring over some slow twitch muscle fibers. The muscle fibers will

2 Hip Muscles and Movements The hip joint is a multi-axial ball-and-socket joint, and therefore, movements along perpendicular planes occur over a wide arch of motion, namely flexion and extension, adduction and abduction, medial and lateral rotation, and circumduction . Muscles surrounding the hip are divided into groups; each is mainly, but not only, responsible for a certain movement of the hip. The main hip flexor is the psoas muscle, helped by the iliacus, but also other muscles assist in hip

Our spine is one of the delicate organ of nervous system, as it protects the central nervous system of human body, as well as the main support for the body to stay upright. It comprises of small bones placed one over the other which provides flexibility for movement. The upper part of spine is terminated in the skull. This region where the spine is attached to the skull is called the cervical region or neck. Pain in the neck or cervical pain is one of the diseases that are found very often in

Satellite Cell, Muscle Hypertrophy and Exercise Serife Vatansever1 Burcin Olcucu2 1Abant Izzet Baysal University, School of Physical Education and Sports, Department of Trainer Education, Bolu, Turkey. 2Gaziosmanpasa University, School of Physical Education and Sports, Department of Coaching Education, Tokat, Turkey. Abstract Optimal repair and adaptation of skeletal muscle is facilitated by resident satellite cells (satellite cells). Satellite cells are not only responsible for muscle repair and

AANT316 Elena Gomez Paper 2 Muscle Physiology: Muscle strength and its relationship with skeletal muscle mass Introduction The Alizadehkhaiyat et al (2013) article aimed to find the relationship between muscle strength and segmented skeletal muscle mass through the use of bio-impedance analysis as well as the effects of gender on this relationship. Bio-impedance analysis measures how the body tissues impede electric current flow through the use of electrode configuration. Lean tissues