Carl Sagan Essays

Carl Sagan (1934-1996) was a leading scientist who took on a major role in science with his involvement in new research, media, and his taking to authorship. Sagan is credited as the most famous scientist of the 1970s and 1980s, with his notoriety deriving from his popularity in the scientific community for his research and gained fame with the general populace from his ability to bring astronomy to more people outside of the field. His accomplishments started after he finished his studies with a

The Truth Behind the Rhetoric of Carl Sagan One of the largest debates known to modern man is that between creationists and evolutionists. Is human existence evidence of a divine power? Did humankind reach its current state on the reliance of genetic mistakes? Is it of any concern to know one way or another? In his insightful essay, “Do we care what’s true? Does it matter?,” Carl Sagan beautifully and respectfully asserts the importance of favoring science over pseudoscience, and makes clear his

“Brave New World”, written by Aldus Huxley, is a utopian novel. In the novel, World Controllers are like God, who control the world and they stabilized the society through a creation of a five-tiered system. Alphas and Betas are the upper class in the system, which act as the scientists, politicians, and any other high ranked noble. While Gammas, Deltas, and Epsilons are the lower classes, represent the world's labor working classes. There is a magical drug called soma, it could remove people’s feeling

in 1983 by renown professor of astronomy at Harvard, and later, professor of astronomy and space sciences at Cornell University, Carl Sagan. This piece of scientific writing was published in Parade magazine, reaching approximately 20 million readers, informing them of the possibility and dangers of a nuclear war. The term ‘Nuclear Winter’ was first coined by Carl Sagan himself, and has since come to refer to the expected global climatic cooling after worldwide firestorms as a result of a nuclear

Lacan draw on Schreber’s Memoirs of my Nervous Illness and Freud’s in-depth exploration of the same book for formulating his theory about psychosis. Being distinct from neurosis and perversion, psychosis is brought about by the foreclosure of the master signifier, the Name-of-the-Father. Such a signifier is closely related to language. And it is the malfunction of language as such that leads to psychosis. Fink states “In psychosis, the paternal metaphor fails to function and the structure of language…is

The concept of personality has fascinated psychologists for years. Allport proposed the hierarchy of traits – cardinal, central, and secondary traits (Allport, 1945). Cattell also proposed his theory, the sixteen dimensions of human personality (Cattell, 1944). Jung developed a type-based theory of personality, with different dichotomous personality categories, which was further developed by Myers and Briggs in 1962 to produce the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (Ford, 2013). Some psychologists have

This essay is based on two aspects of personality which are as follows; “psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud” and “neo-analytic theory of Karen Horney”. The first point that this essay focuses on is the definition or the meaning of both theories (psychoanalytic and neo-analytic theory). Secondly, it focuses on the differences between the psychoanalytic theory and neo-analytic theory. As it discusses the difference the following topics are taken into consideration, (a) the basic tenets and assumptions

C. Holden Caulfield as an Archetypal Picaro The works of the Swiss psychiatrist Carl Gustav Jung supplied the writers with “archetypal images” which were considered to be “universal images”. “The main ideas of Jung integrates on the collective unconscious that contains the `depot` of the archetypes or stereotypes which are perceived in a similar way nationally or sometimes even globally”( Berezhna 26). So when a literary work is analyzed through the archetypal images it is significant to comprehend

Freud’s theory of personality and psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud (6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an neurologist and also known as the father of psychoanalysis. Sigmund Freud explored the human mind and developed some of the most influential theories in modern psychology and psychoanalysis. He developed a topographical model of the mind, whereby he described the features of the mind’s structure and function. For Freud, the mind is best conceptualized in three distinct components, the conscious

Sigmund Freud 's viewpoint on personality development differed entirely from social learning theory. He was a psychoanalyst and looked for unconscious motives, which influenced the behavior of the patients, he was treating. He focused on the subconscious much larger part of the mind, a storehouse of impulses, passions and inaccessible memories that affect our feelings and actions. In ancient Indian psychology this is known as "samskaras". It is believed that some of these samskaras are connected

Freud suggested that the superego acts to perfect and civilize our behaviour and it suppress all unacceptable urges of the id while struggles to make the ego act upon idealistic standards, rather that upon realistic principles. The superego is present in the conscious, preconscious and unconscious. As far as toilet training is concerned, Freud had developed a theory of 'Psychosexual Development '. He developed and advanced this theory focussing on the effects of the sexual pleasure drive on a person’s

Personality is a major study in the topics of psychology ; this important branch in psychology Is called personality psychology , and the psychologist tries to understand the thoughts , the emotions, the psychological reactions , and at the end they try to predict the human behavior , and this could be reversed , so they can conclude the other three by studying the human behavior very well . each individual’s personality is characterized by these four elements . The study of personality has a very

Dimmesdale is Wack, Man When considering the term “narcissism,” one often conjures up the image of a conceited, self-absorbed person who excessively praises their own perfection. However, narcissism as a psychological disorder is much deeper. According to licensed mental health counselor Michael Samsel, narcissism is best described as “organizing one 's life around the goal of being superior.” And yet, “superiority is not just about learning to do one or more things well, it is about hiding any

INTRODUCTION Advanced Counselling Theories: Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (PP) rooted from traditional psychoanalysis theories. PP operates with the basic assumption that focuses on unconscious processes, recognising how a person’s behaviour and feelings in the present rooted from childhood experiences in the past. The objective of PP is to facilitate client to reach self-awareness and to have a better understanding of the problems by identifying the origin of the issues

In the book, “Civilization and Its Discontents” by Sigmund Freud, he essentially develops the main theme of the fixed conflict between the demands of an individual’s instincts and the confinement society provides. In other words, the aspects society benefits from establish an individual’s dissatisfaction. Throughout Freud’s book, each chapter provides complex ideas and analyses that demonstrate how he comes down to this result and the outcome it has on human happiness. Beginning with chapter

Psychoanalysis of Frankenstein and His Creation When doing a literary analysis using the psychoanalytic type A criticism, the reader must solely look to the work itself and exclude externalities. One may interpret, “Dr. Frankenstein and the monster as embodying Sigmund Freud’s theory of id and ego” (Telgen). The theory is based upon the idea that a character’s personality can be divided into three parts. The id which is the basic desire for what each person wants. The superego which is the opposite

Imagination can be defined as the ability of an individual to from images and to think in a creative or inventive way ,the ability to dream and create an illusion of ourselves and it is something that everyone processes. The imagination of a human being can be a blessing in disguise or beautiful nightmare. Either one of these can affect the way an individual 's willingness to embrace or reject an uncertain future. When someone imagination is shaped by dramatic desire and moral rejects the world

This excerpt from St. Augustine’s Confessions, illustrates two points. Firstly, it illustrates a divergence from ancient western understandings of desire/sex as they relate to the body. The paper will show this divergence by comparing the work of Augustine (and his understanding of desire as it relates to the body) with the work of ancient physician Galen. Secondly, this excerpt centralizes the act of confessing one’s bodily desires as a process by which the soul is purified and the truth about the

The word “dream” can refer to what we experience when we sleep, it can refer to an ideal, and it can also refer to goals and aspirations. I shall look at the word “dream” as having the same meaning as the latter. A dream in this instance is defined as something that is aspired for and sought after. It shares a similar definition with the words: “goal,” “ambition,” “aspiration,” “desire,” “hope,” and “wish.” I notice that it is synonymous with words that could be thought of as small and minor, and

According of a psychological theory is egoism . Firstly, psychological egoism is a theory about the nature of human motives. Psychological egoism suggests that all behaviours are motivated by self-interest. In other words, every action or behaviour or decision of every person is motivated by self- interest. It also suggests that every action must be motivated by self-interest. It because psychological egoism states that every act of every person is motivated by self-interest, it is universal. The