Chlorine Essays

formed in a sample of reservoir water when it is disinfected with chlorine or chloramine and to what extent do both chloramine and free chlorine decompose when exposed to ultraviolet light?” Abstract This investigation aims to find out how pH affects the concentration of trihalomethanes formed in a sample of reservoir water when it is disinfected with chlorine or chloramine and the extent to which both free chlorine and chloramine decompose when exposed to ultraviolet light. Headspace

gases (Oxygen gas and Chlorine gas) at the anode during the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution. In my previous chemistry classes, I have learnt that concentration affects the majority of the gas produced at the anode. This made me wonder, how does the ratio of oxygen gas to chlorine gas produced at the anode vary at the electrodes. This made me formulate the research question: How does the concentration of Sodium Chloride solution affect the ratio of oxygen gas to chlorine gas produced at the

Chlorides of group || cations contain (Cadmium chloride, Mercuric chloride, Copper chloride and Bismuth chloride). 1- Mercuric chloride HgCl2:- It's poisonous odorless white crystalline solid, very toxic compound, and it's slightly volatile at ordinary temperatures. Parent acid and base: Hydrochloric acid HCl + Hg(OH) 2 Uses:- *Antiseptic and disinfectant in insecticides, preservatives, and batteries. *Antibacterial. * Obsolete substance. Preparation: Mercuric chloride can be obtained

formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Natural organic matter (NOM) in water has been considered as the predominant DBP precursors. Disinfectants are powerful oxidants that oxidize the organic matter present in water forming DBPs. Chlorine, ozone, chlorine dioxide, and chloramines are the most common disinfectants used nowadays and each produces its own suite of chemical DBPs in finished drinking water (Richardson, 2003). DBPs so formed pose a threat to human health

is its formula? A: ZnCl2 3. Can you determine the atomic weights of zinc or copper by the methods used in this experiment? How? What additional information is necessary in order to do this? A: Yes, we need molar mass of sulfur, hydrogen, and chlorine. Then set the molar mass of copper and zinc to x and y. And use the mole ratio, which is 1:1 for two reactions to solve the unknown. 4. How many grams of zinc chloride could be formed from the reaction of 3.57g of zinc with excess HCl? A: 3.75g

2. In the contest of these two reactions, which is the better nucleophile, chloride ion or bromide ion? Try to explain this. Bromine is a better nucleophile. The chloride ion is more polar since it is above bromine on the periodic table and is more prone to hydrogen bonding due to its smaller size. Chloride ions are worse than bromine ions for nucleophilic attack, because the chloride ions are fully solvated and are not as available to attack. This is why Bromine ion is better nucleophile because

A representation of a living hell would be the trenches in trench warfare, where over 200,000 courageous soldiers died fighting for their country. Not only did the soldiers sacrifice their lives, in addition they also suffered non stop until their conclusive breath. Trench warfare was the kind of warfare that no one wanted to fight in because of how dreadful it was and of how it seized innumerable lives effortlessly. Trench warfare was deplorable and seized countless lives because of the chemical

contaminants from the water b. Coagulation to attract small contaminants c. Sedimentation where water sits and finishes coagulation d. Filtration to remove any small remaining contaminants and particles e. Disinfection by disinfecting chemicals such as chlorine to kill microorganism or remaining bacteria 2. Explain the differences between primary, secondary, and tertiary sewage treatment. a.

1.Chemical properties Elemental mercury (Hg) has an atomic weight of 200.59 u, oxidation states 0, +1 and +2. Is a liquid and volatile metal soluble in water to some extents? In the oxidation states +1 and +2 is able to form organic compounds of type RHgX and R2Hg where R can be alkyl- or Aryl groups. The RHgX compounds properties depend on the nature of the X rest; If the organic compound contents hologenides the result is a highly lipophilic compound whereas If the rest is oxygen anion, chemically

Sodium carbonate (molecular formula: Na2CO3), is the water soluble sodium salt of carbonate. The pure product appears as a while, odorless powder with a strong alkaline taste. It has high hygroscopicity. It can be easily dissolved in water to form an aqueous solution with moderate alkalinity Sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogen carbonate) is chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3. It is a salt composed of sodium ions and bicarbonate ions. Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is

Introduction Toluene, according to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry system (IUPAC) – methylbenzene, is most commonly used to synthesize benzoic acid. The importance of benzoic acid in modern world is due to its uses: the acid and its salts are used as preservatives in food: benzoic acid is globally known as E210 and sodium benzoate as E211. The benzoic acid and its precursors are also used in pharmacy and hygiene products : the shampoo and shower gel that I am using all contain

Teflon was discovered by Dupont chemist. When Dr Roy J. Plunkett use polytetrafluoroethylene to make an experiment with chemical refrigerants, he tries to pump the gas tetrafluoroethylene into hydrochloric acid and he does not see anything happen in the outside. When he hold the cylinder that contain tetrafluoroethylene, he sees the cylinder still heavy. After that, he thinks it is a good idea to cut the cylinder to see what happen in the inside . When he cut it out, he sees the tetrafluoroethylene

Verna Wang Hannah Palmer CHEM 101-069 Lab 11-19-16 Stoichiometry and Limiting Reagents Lab Report Purpose: We are using the reaction of sodium hydroxide and calcium chloride to illustrate stoichiometry by demonstrating proportions needed to cause a reaction to take place. Background: Just like a recipe would call for a specific amount of one ingredient to a specific amount of another, stoichiometry is the same exact method for calculating moles in a chemical reaction. Sometimes, we may not have

What Are The Benefits of Fishing For Your Health? Many people around the world love fishing, but only as a hobby. It is a simple activity that is not only beneficial, but it is also entertaining. Most people love fishing despite being named a lazy people’s hobby. Notably, fishing is not measured by the number of fish caught, but rather the challenge and satisfaction that comes with it. If you have had a busy week at the office or in your home, fishing can help clear your mind. Also, if you are tired

Results With Respect to Potassium Bromate(V) The table below shows my results when varying the concentration of potassium bromate(V):    Concentration of Potassium Bromate(V) (mol/dm-3) Time Take For the Mixture to Turn Colourless (seconds)    Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 3 Trial 5 Average Reaction Rate (seconds-I)   0.01 31.9 ±0.01 32.2±0.01 31.7±0.01 31.8±0.01 32.0±0.01 31.92±0.05 0.0313   0.008 45.6±0.01 45.1±0.01 45±0.01.3 45.4±0.01 45.2±0

Nonproprietary Names : BP: Sodium lauryl sulfate USPNF: Sodium lauryl sulfate Synonyms : Dodecyl sodium sulfate; Elfan 240; sodium dodecyl sulfate; sodium lauryl sulfate; sodium monododecyl sulfate; sodium monolauryl sulfate; Texapon K12P. Chemical Name and CAS Registry Number: Sulfuric acid monododecyl ester sodium salt [151-21-3] Empirical Formula and Molecular Weight: C12H25NaO4S 288.38 The USPNF 23 describes sodium lauryl sulfate as a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates consisting chiefly

Discussion: 1. The Diels alder reaction has to be heated slowly to 60-70 degrees Celsius because if it is heated too quickly and the temperature gets too high the 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene will boil. A round bottom flask was attached to a water condenser to prevent any product from boiling and evaporating out during the heating process. For the hydrolysis part of the experiment the temperature needed to be 60-80 degrees Celsius to melt the cyclic anhydride but also prevent the reaction from boiling

Catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol As a model reaction, we selected the reduction of 4-NP by NaBH4 to 4-AP. The reduction was followed with the aqueous solution in a standard quartz cell with a 1cm path length. The reaction process was as follows: 1.5 mL of 0.15 mM 4-NP was mixed with 1.0 mL of 0.02 M NaBH4 in the cell for UV-Vis measurements. Immediately, the colour change was observed from light yellow to deep yellow. 0.5 mL of AuNPs solution was added to the above mixture. The UV-Vis spectra

First of all, an alka-seltzer is an a little tablet that helps with multiple pain. For example, alka-seltzer helps with migraines, headaches, sinus headaches, muscle pain, and symptoms of pain. Alka-seltzer contains aspirin, sodium, hydrogen carbonate, citric acid, natural flavors, and artificial flavors. These are just some of the ingredients. When an alka-seltzer dissolves it releases all of the medicine. Alka-seltzer is an easy pain killer. What makes an alka-seltzer dissolve? The formula for

1. How pure is your sample? When analysing our sample under UV light we could see if our sample was pure. We labelled the sample with 1= which was our sample, 2= the pure aspirin sample, 3= the salicylic acid. As you can see from my sample that our aspirin sample contains a small amount of pure aspirin and a lot of salicylic acid. Therefore this means that my sample wasn’t pure as it still had remnants of salicylic acid which suggests to me that the reaction hadn’t been fully completed, however my