Electron configuration Essays

the use of the spectroscope when they analyzed the spectrum of mineral water. Characterized by the metal in the spectrum containing two bright lines in the blue along with several others in red, yellow, and green. Because of its ability to release electrons when exposed to light, it enters into

Acids are proton donors in chemical reactions which increase the number of hydrogen ions in a solution while bases are proton acceptors in reactions which reduce the number of hydrogen ions in a solution. Therefore, an acidic solution has more hydrogen ions than a basic solution; and basic solution has more hydroxide ions than an acidic solution. Acid substances taste sour. They have a pH lower than 7 and turns blue litmus paper into red. Meanwhile, bases are slippery and taste bitter. Its pH is

prominent examples where electron correlation are too strong to be properly treated in high temperature 2superconductor [4]. Electronic properties of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ is difficult to understand because of its complex structure. To understand this type of complex system, we

Polar bears have a thick layer of fat called blubber which is about 11 cm thick. This also helps the bears to survive in the freezing conditions. Not only on land, but the thick layer of fur coat and blubber helps them as they spend a great amount of time swimming in the freezing waters of the Arctic. Blubber is a thick layer of fat that helps prevent sea mammals from getting too cold. Blubber in depth, is an extra digested food stored in the form of adipose tissue, which contains molecules called

Notes Important terms 1: Proton Positive charged atom 2: Neutron Neutral charged atom 3: Electrons Negative charged atom 4: Nucleus center part of the atom (with protons and neutrons) 5: Electron shell The valence area where the electrons are located 6: Electromagnetic force One of the four fundamental forces that changes electrons to nucleus 7: Photon Basic Unit of light 8: Ion Atom that lost or gained an electron. Which becomes either negatively or positively charged Atoms Atoms contains a nucleus

make up copper atoms. Each atom is made up of electrons, neutrons, and protons.

of valence electrons between two atoms. This type of chemical bonding results in two oppositely charged ions, a cation and an anion In ionic bonding the electrostatic attraction between the charged ions holds the compound together. Example: Bonding of Sodium and chlorine. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 Fig.1 to show the electronic configuration of sodium along with its atomic mass and atomic number The above diagram shows the atom, sodium. It displays that Na has one valence electron. In order

class of reactions. These reactions can occur by a range of mechanisms, the two studied in this lab are the SN1 and SN2 reactions. In a nucleophilic substitution, the nucleophile is a electron rich chemical species which attacks the positive charge of an atom to replace a leaving group. Since nucleophiles donate electrons, they are defined as Lewis bases. The positive or partially positive atom is referred to as an electrophile. The whole molecule which the electrophile and the leaving group are part

this lab, Petri dishes each containing a different metal ion were doused in ethanol and lighted using a lighter. The metal salts each burned a different color in the fire based on the identity of the ion. By placing atoms of a metal into a flame, electrons in an atom can absorb energy from

protons more power to attract the electrons, the electronegativity decreases as you go down the groups because an extra shell is added every time this then causes an increase in nuclear charge due to more protons being added. This means that the nucleus is less able to attract electrons. Ionizing energy increases across a period because as the atoms radii is getting smaller the electrons get closer to the nucleus which creates a greater attraction for the electrons making it harder to remove them.

A covalent bond, which is also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. “In a covalent bond, a tug of war for electrons takes place between the atoms, bonding the atoms together.”(Wilbraham et al 237). “The representative units shown for oxygen nitrous oxide are called molecules.”(Wilbraham et al, 237). A group of atoms that are

In the periodic table lithium’s atomic number is 3. The atomic number describes the number of protons in the nucleus and the number of electrons in the atom when it is not ionized. (An ion is an atom where the amount of protons and electrons is not equal.) Lithium has 3 protons; therefore it must have 3 electrons when it is not ionized. The protons and neutrons together form the nucleus. Lithium has 3 protons and usually 4 neutrons since its atomic weight is 6.9 according to the periodic table

element Neon has a symbol of Ne. Neon’s atomic number is 10, which is the same as its protons. The protons and electrons are always the same. That means the electrons are 10 and put into two different rings. On the first ring there will be 2 electrons and on the second ring there is 8 electrons. That gives them a total of 10 electrons. Along with atomic number, protons, and electrons there is a atomic mass which is 20.1797. Neon was discovered by Sir William Ramsay, a Scottish chemist, and Morris

Initiated by Democritus’s introduction to the concept of atom, Dalton proposal of the Atomic Theory, and Thomson proof of the existence of electrons. In addition, the mass and charge of electrons investigated by Millikan and the location of the nucleus and electron brought to attention by Rutherford. Finally, the neutron’s existence proven by Chadwick and the electron shells made known by Bohr. Similar to the modern atomic theory, alternating scientific concepts encourage the proposal of new ideas and

one valence electron while chlorine has seven and they both have the tendency to be more stable. Firstly, the atom of an element (metal mostly) which has low ionization energy releases some electrons to reach the stable configuration; meanwhile the atom of another element (usually nonmetal) gains these electrons. In the example of NaCl, an electron transfers from sodium to chlorine. Next, as a result, the ion that loses electrons becomes the cation while the ion that gains electrons becomes anion

Aromaticity can be termed as a chemical property of conjugated cycloalkenes. Aromaticity deals with the uncommon stability of benzene and its derivatives, which is caused by the ability of the electrons in the p-orbitals to delocalize and act as a framework to generate planar molecules. A molecule is only considered aromatic due to the fact that it is cyclic, that it follows the Huckel’s Rule and lastly that each element must have a p-orbital. Antioxidants play and important role in health. It can

The graphical illustration of the representative configurations under consideration is depicted in Figure 2. Possible interactions which considered for HOY molecules with HC3OX are including hydrogen bonding (O···H) and halogen bonding (X···Y,O···X) which have been denoted as XYm. The X is representing the

In contrast, a substance that donates electrons is a reductant or reducing agent (Cao G, Prior RL, 1998). In general, a chemical reaction in which a substance gains electrons is defined as a reduction (SchaferFQ, BuettnerGR, 2001). Oxidation is a process in which a loss of electrons occurs. When a reductant donates its electrons, it causes another substance to be reduced, and, when an oxidant accepts electrons, it causes another substance to be oxidized (Hrbac J, Kohen R,

Halogen bonding, XB, is the product of a non-covalent interaction between a halogen X and a negative site B (e.g., Lewis base). The halogen, X, is usually part of an R-X molecule where R can be another halogen, an organic or an inorganic electron-donating-group. Halogen bonding (XB) is in some ways analogous to hydrogen bonding (HB). In the latter, a hydrogen atom is shared between an atom, group or molecule that “donates” and another that “accepts” it.[1-3] In halogen bonding, it is a halogen atom

Samarium (II) Iodide A single electron transfer reagent useful for organic synthesis. A look into samarium (II) Iodide (Sml2), a powerful single electron donor which plays a vital role in the chemoselective reduction of certain functional groups and carbon-carbon bond formations. Cathal McKenna Student Number: 11322441 10/6/2014   Introduction Samarium (II) Iodide has emerged in recent times as a very useful reagent in organic synthesis. The compound was first used by Kagan and his researchers