Episodic memory Essays

various aspects of memory and sleep are altered. What is more elusive is whether these changes occur independently or whether changes in patterns of sleep influence changes in performance in memory and decision making tasks in older age. In order to attempt to elucidate this hypothesis, a brief overview of the nature of episodic memory followed by a review of some of the more recent adult sleep literature is necessary before considering how the relationship between sleep and episodic memory may change across

(2008) notes the connection between episodic memory and memory with emotional connotations, pointing out that episodic memories can be triggered by heightened emotional awareness within an individual. This seems to be counterintuitive in light of the fact that episodic memory is related to non-rapid eye movement sleep, and in turn the hippocampus (Drosopoulos et al., 2013), while emotionally significant memory relates more to rapid eye movement sleep and its effect on the

Memories, both pleasant and unpleasant, are crucial parts of human existence, and have allowed us to survive and thrive to become the civilized society we are today. Within memory, there are two distinct types, each with their own purpose. Episodic memory is recalling a specific episode from the past, and being able to remember it in detail, not simply that it occurred. Semantic memory is factual memory, or being able to recall random tidbits of information. As information is absorbed by the learner

features’ of long-term memory in order to answer this essay question, the first elements that come to mind are the different kinds of long-term memory that humans have in order to retain information, and which is the most effective/ important when comparing them all. The key features of long-term memory (LTM) that will be explored in this essay, as shown by Keane and Eysenck (2015), come under ‘declarative’ memory. Within declarative memory, both episodic and semantic memory is going to be evaluated

The episodic memory typically focuses on your memories events that happened to you personally; it allows you to travel backward in subjective time to reminisce about earlier episodes in your life (Matlin, 2012). This can include your memory for something that occurred more then 10 years ago. An example of an episodic memory would be something such as the 9/11 attacks. Where you were and whom you were around when you learned of what had happened. The episodic memory is a person’s unique memory of a

Amnesia can be defined as “the loss of memory due to physical and/or psychological conditions” (Chara and Chara, 2013). It is often attributed to memory loss for a specific period of time. There are different types of amnesia, including organic, psychogenic, transient and persistent (Baddeley, Kopelman, and Wilson 2003). Often two different types of memory functioning are exhibited in amnesia, anterograde and retrograde. Anterograde memory is information that is gained following the onset of an

neural basis of development of episodic memory is essential in understanding the development of this function during childhood; however, changes in the neural structure supporting these improvements are unknown. This knowledge may also help shed light on the development of autobiographical memory and it’s improvement throughout preschool years. Recent investigations using fMRI further support the vital role of the hippocampus in the development of episodic memory. For example, fMRI studies in school-age

underneath the cortex that is important in many learning and memory tasks,” (Matlin, Farmer, 1983, p. 160). He continues to have problems creating memories, switching his short-term memories into long-term memories. After being infected, Clive is still able to talk, write, and even show affection to his wife, but a portion of his semantic and episodic memory system were affected. Clive is able to recall some old memories from his episodic memory system, but can’t always go into detail about them. For

Results As shown in Table 1, episodic memory (RCFT delayed recall) and MMSE at baseline were significantly reduced in the MCI group as compared with the control group. As expected, other cognitive variables showed no significant differences between groups. The MMSE significantly decreased at one-year follow-up (25.6 ± 1.8) compared with baseline (27.6 ± 1.1) in the MCI group (p= 0.000018, Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Test). Furthermore, three out of twenty-four MCI patients progressed to dementia, according

There are three types of memory that will be discussed in this paper, which fall under one of the main two categories of long term human memory. They are known as semantic memory, episodic memory and procedural memory. Semantic memory and episodic memory fall under the same sub- category of memory known as explicit, meaning it is able to be consciously recalled. Semantic memory is known as the memory responsible for recalling facts and knowledge. An example of semantic memory from my own personal experience

and a memory test to validate the conclusion of her extraordinary memory. In addition, Louis was asked to recall the dates of when it had rained at the time in January and February of 1990 and she was able to do just that as well as the weekend after it had rained. 3.

Long term memory is the storage of memories over a long period of time. These memories are usually stored permanently and can be retrieved whenever necessary, usually aided by retrieval cues (Ericsson, K. A., & Kintsch, W., 1995). Two key features of long term memory are episodic and semantic memory. Episodic memory is related to memories of events that have happened in someone’s life, for example remembering your first day of school, whereas semantic memory is related to general knowledge and facts

"Memory is a special faculty of the mind to conserve or retain what has been previously experienced or acquired through learning and, then, at some later stage, to revive or reproduce it in the form of recall or recognition to enable us to utilize such learning in different situations of daily life. How we remember can be explained through the models of memory. The levels of processing model suggested by Craik and Lokhart emphasizes that the ability to remember depends on the levels at which we

Enhances Episodic Memory Performance article talks about the effects of mindfulness on attention and working memory. The article talks about the three studies which used different methods to examine whether mindfulness would enhance episodic memory. The first study is correlational study, check the benefit and characteristics of mindfulness in episodic memory performance in the Remember- Know (R-K) paradigm. The second study evaluates the usefulness of trait and state mindfulness on episodic memory experimentally

In the process of reading through chapter nine I was intrigued by the memory section, and in particular the episodic memory and its scripts for familiar events. In other words, the way we retain a list of steps in a process and the ability to put them in the order the way they happen. In the text book on page 329 and 330 they give an example of a child at age 3 talking about what happens at a restaurant. At 3 years old the child give only the highlights of the events: enter, sit, eat and leave

There are several types of memory. They include explicit, episodic, semantic, implicit, and procedural memory. Explicit memory is one of the two main divisions of long-term memory. It consists of all information that requires consciously remembered. An example of explicit memory is remembering what was done in class the day before or a sibling being born. Episodic memory is a memory of an autobiographical experience. It is a type of explicit memory. Normally, these memories are emotional and in great

recognized and described. However, not until 1906 did Dr. Alois Alzheimer, a German physician, identify abnormalities in the brain cells of his patient, Auguste D (52 year old), as a disease. Auguste D’s brain autopsy was performed after she died of severe memory problems, confusion and difficulty in understanding questions. The autopsy revealed the nerve cells surrounded by dense deposits (neuritic plaques). The inside of the nerve cells revealed twisted bands of fibres (neurofibrillary tangles). This degenerative

Abstract - Human episodic memory has been studied for several years. It provides us with the ability to remember experiences and recognize people, situations and so on. Researchers have come up with multiple explanations of the working of the human memory system but no final conclusion has been reached. Based on these explanations, various theories and models have been proposed. In this paper, we look at a few such computational models of human episodic memory and perform a comparative study on them

Differences in Episodic Memory, Agneta Herlitz and Jenny Rehnman, researched if there are sex differences in memory. They first established that there are two different types of memory: working and long-term. They then said that long-term memory can be broken down into subsystems, which include episodic memory. Episodic memory involves a conscious recollection of specific memories at a particular point in time. Researcher Maccoby and Jacklin did not find sex differences in memory during their studies

Swap, et al.’s quotation, Tversky and Kahneman indicates that “...when an event is made more available from memory, there is a strong tendency to believe it is more likely to occur or to be true elaboration...” Second, it is elaboration, “[to]...the extent that people reflect upon and integrate information with what they already know, they will remember it better.” Third, it is episodic memory, which comes from memorable experience. The way to create and tell a story successfully It is essential