Hominid Essays

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Chapter 1: Before History (to 2500 BCE) Hominids adapted to only walking on two legs after spending more time on the ground. They started walking upright in East Africa 6 and 7 million years ago. Hominid means a primate of a family. They can adapt themselves to environments such as the use of tools, and language, which connects to their culture. The hominids can use their language to help them communicate to others for protection and defense. These are forms of identity, such as language and culture

The hominids have two characteristics that standout the most. The first characteristic of the hominids is that they are bipedal meaning that they walk on two legs. The second characteristic of the hominid is that their brains. The case of the size of the brain, or the size of the head, increases overtime to allow or enable the enlargement of the brain.

Hominids had to adapt to survive. One of the physical adaptions that gave hominids an advantage was bipedalism. This occurred because of environmental changes. According to Pollard, Rosenberg and Tignor. The world was experiencing its forth ice age. The climate in Africa was experiencing a warming and cooling phase. From South Africa North of the Ethiopian Highlands the cooling a drying forced forests to contract and the Savannahs to spread. It was in this region that apes stopped living in the

you look the way you do. Tracing our roots back to our ancestors there comes a question. “Have we evolved from apes or hominids?” To answer this question we are stuck at a crossroad. On one side there's the idea that our ancestors evolved from apes having factual evidence of sharing similar DNA. Where on the other side is the theory that we have more commonalities with hominids. Knowing this dilemma some historians argue we evolved from apes and align their studies to those focusing on our shared

they have long hands, which help them walk. The ancient hominid skeleton and the human skeleton have similar nose structure, large rib cage, thick arms, and straight body. They have similar physical features of the body such as hands, knees, legs, shoulders. Both hominid and human skeleton walk with their feet, which is straight whereas the chimpanzee’s feet are a little curved, which help them move and walk around. Thus, since the hominid structure and the human skeleton have similar skeletal structures

bipedalism and an upright posture. Humans, also referred to as hominins, differ from other hominids when comparing these features. It is the features that make us unique to other hominids. Bipedalism has gained hominins many advantages over quadrupedal hominids. The change of the skull in hominins is due to bipedalism and an upright posture which has made therefore helped hominins advance further than quadrupedal hominids. The adaption of bipedalism caused the skeleton of hominins to change in order to make

was discussed in the previous paragraph, this bipedal aspect is what differentiates us, hominids, from modern apes. However, under the context of hominids in general and modern humans, it is this very trait that allows for us all to be categorized under the same label—hominids. Along the same lines as bipedal, another similarity between the two would be our arched feet—a characteristic that is unique to hominids, as it allows for standing and walking upright to take place. Both of these similarities—bipedal

1. Darwin’s theory of Natural selection Charles Darwin and Wallace were two British Naturalists. These two Naturalists were vastly inspired by the scientific revolution. Darwin and Wallace encountered a believable mechanism for evolutionary change through careful observation of different species. Darwin also discovered the variation among species by observing their interaction with the environment. This believable mechanism for evolutionary change known as the Natural Selection theory transformed

small fruits on small tree branches, which could be found in drier climate. These trees “elicited bipedalism because their small branches were too flexible to sit on, whereas a modified branch was quite stable.” As a result, he predicted that early hominids were confined to drier areas of African land, which meant that bipedalism could have developed as a feeding adaptation. Also, Dr. Hunt noted that the “curved robust fingers and toes, mobile shoulders, and cone-shaped torsos were evolved from arm-hanging

of bipedality, there had to be an extreme selective pressure to adapt bipedality. Ape populations declined as the Miocene progressed, except for hominids. This was a result of the Miocene apes becoming increasingly K-selected. Unlike hominids, Miocene apes were unable to compensate for the extended interbirth interval and were outcompeted by OWM. Hominids decreased their interbirth intervals through increased male parental investment. A wholesale change in social structure among early

In the movie Dawn of Humanity, it talked about how they were able to fill a huge gap of history dealing with human ancestry when they discovered skeleton remains in various locations. The first hominid remains the movie talked about was when Lee and his son found a fossil that contained a clavicle of a child they first thought it was a fossil of an antelope because of the abundant amount antelope fossils in that area. They brought more people back to that area and found even more fossils and brought

Today, I was asked to research about a thing called Lucy. I say thing because I didn’t really know who Lucy was or what she was. However, now that I have read three articles, I know and understand that Lucy is a hominid. Now, you might be asking what in the world is a hominid, I am here to tell you what it is. Not only that, I will tell you about the history behind Lucy, what she is, who discovered her, where was she found, why is she called Lucy, and all those questions that pops to your mind. If

the rapid and violent climate changes in the Rift Valley, which led to an increase in brain size of hominids and allowed them to colonise new habitats. (Cox, 2014). Around 1.8 million years ago there was a growth in brain size and an increase in the number of hominid species in the Rift; for example Homo habilis and Homo erectus. These can be linked

discovery, it was thought that the first humans only left Africa 1 million years ago. However, archaeological evidences show that there were already Dmanisi hominids in Dmanisi 1.77 million years ago. It was also thought that the first humans out of Africa were tall, big-brained, and well-developed stone tools. However, the Dmanisi hominids were small, had small brains, and used primitive tools. The Dmanisi also provided paleoanthropologists with a new site to discover. In the exhibit for The Humans

The Cooking Hypothesis credits this to the use of fire. No longer was large arms needed to swing from trees or mismatched body features to compensate from moving away from ape-like habits. The production of fire could afford the hominids protection from predators and food was made easier to consume, resulting in extra calories for brain development and fire became a useful tool for survival in the winter. The main issue with this theory is that the use of fire would need to be proved to exist around

biological, ecological and behavioral factors, through a series of relational analogies that comprise the middle-range (Binford, 1981). Middle Range Theory was used in this study because it helps deducing aspects concerning early hominid behavior such as that of meat eating, early hominid subsistence patterns and the like (Binford, 1981; Saanane, 2004; Shipman, 1986; Gifford-Gonzalez, 1991). For example Nilssen (2000) argued that Middle range investigations are widely used in practice by Plio-Pleistocene zooarchaelogist

Was the survival of the Homo Habilis unique compared to the other Homo species? The Homo Habilis or the Handy man as their better known, were the first ever hominids to adapt and survive in the prehistoric environment. 1.5 million years ago, the lands of Eastern and Southern Africa were ruled by the species “Homo Habilis.” They were named “Handy man” because their use of tools were linked to the evolution of tool technology. The faces of the Homo Habilis were lightly built and their large thumbs

Darwin studied Botany at the Cambridge University and was later offered to travel on the HMS Beagle which travelled around the globe to explore. One of the placed they travelled to, the Galapagos Islands, held many treasures for him as it was small and was rich with fauna and flora. He had many opportunities to observe the plants and animals on this island. One of the species he observed, were the Galapagos finches. He noticed that each breed of finch had different beak sizes. The finches with smaller

in the part of the skull below the brain case being the widest part (O’Neil, 2012). These hominids faces were large compared to the size of their brain cases, this was because they had big molar teeth with thick enamel, but their front teeth were smaller, they had large jaws, as well as powerful jaw muscles, the size and shape of these jaw muscles is shown by flaring cheek bones, the faces of these hominids were also concave and projecting forward at the bottom because of their small brain cases