Horizontal gene transfer Essays

organisms, this process is known as vertical gene transfer. In contrast, bacteria can undergo horizontal gene transfer that allows for transfer of genes from one organism to a different organism. Horizontal gene transfer often involves either a bacteriophage, a virus that infect bacteria or a plasmid, which is a circular piece of DNA that exist and

Anthropocentrism refers to human beings as the central most significant entities of the world. Mankind are superior among all species on earth whilst all other entities are subjected to exploitation for human growth. This belief forms the basis of many western religions and philosophies. A few anthropocentric philosophers argue that the earth’s resources are not limited or increase in human population will not exceed the carrying capacity of earth. They also claim that projections of human population

According to Jones, humans are 10,000 times more common than they should be. In other words, visualize getting stuck the whole life in a room that’s capacity is fifty people instead there are one-hundred people. Undoubtedly, many individuals if not all people will get sick, and that’s because there wouldn’t be enough food for everybody. Secondly, people will die because there would not be enough air (oxygen) for them to breathe, which causes the spread of diseases. We should have more control over

Children attend school to learn in order to have a better life but schools are failing. School are falling to guide children to have a better life, they are not teaching them or providing them with a healthy meal which causes obesity and in the long run many health damaging diseases. A meal is important, it is the fuel the body uses to function therefore, it should not be taken as unimportant. The better the meal the better results the body will give you, according to the article Livestrong healthy

expert on Mayo Clinic, "It is possible to transfer a gene from an allergenic plant to a non-allergenic plant" (Zeratsky). This could cause serious harm to people with allergies. Someone might have an allergy they are aware of, but unknowingly eat a genetically engineered food that now contains that allergen. Allergies can range from minor so severe and can even cause death. Accidently eating something that happens to be modified and now contains harmful genes is a real possibility. This is certainly

Introduction An increased global relationship between countries of varying development has directed many discussions related to the exchanges of resources and fair practices. The advancement of biotechnology since 20th century too has drawn the attention of many nations. While the knowledge of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) was limited to experts during early iterations, the basic concept of GMOs is readily accessible to many people today. The core definition behind GMOs is the addition of

articles to help me better understand the science behind genetic engineering of food. The U.S National Library of Medicine explains on their website that “Genetically engineered (GE) foods have had their DNA changed using genes from other plants or animals. Scientists take the gene for a desired trait in one plant or animal, and they

Most food manufacturers use plenty of unhealthy and even suspicious ingredients in order to extend the shelf life of their food items. This means that you need to stay away from these toxic ingredients at all costs if you are to protect your health… Here are the top 10 offenders (not ranked according to the level of harm they cause): 1. Monosodium Glutamate ( MSG) MSG is an amino acid typically used to enhance the flavor of processed foods. It is well-known excitotoxin, which has been scientifically

branched out into different species that is caused due to gene mutations and environmental factors thus animals branched out from a

when the donor and recipient are relatively closely related, and this type of genetic exchange could principally affect the variation in existing genes rather than introducing new and unique traits to the genome. Hence, its role in ecological and physiological diversification of bacteria will be insignificant. When individual genes in different organisms are compared, many instances of HGT have been observed based on the comparison of characteristics of sequences. For example,

coli genomic library facilitated the selection for genes conferring the resistance through amplification. One plasmid from the library, plasmid pXV62, provided a high level of resistance for E. coli. Deletion and nucleotide sequence analyses of bacitracin resistance revealed that a single open reading frame, designated the bacA gene, sufficiently caused antibiotic resistance. The bacA gene mapped locus deduced amino acid sequence of the bacA encoded protein suggesting

signaling molecules are secreted that bind to many cell surface receptors, turning on genes, including those that produce bioluminescence. (http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/bacterial-quorum-sensing). Gene expression occurs in bacteria such as V. fischeri when there is a high salt density. Another activity that bacteria controls using quorum sensing is mating. A tumefaciens is a bacteria that uses this horizontal DNA transfer to mate. Quorum sensing also allows bacteria to control sporulation. Sporulation

induced by mutagenic chemicals or radiation. Besides mutations, another way that bacteria achieve gene diversity is through the three known mechanisms for intercellular gene transfer. They are transformation, a genetic process which free DNA is incorporated into a recipient cell, transduction, a process which bacterial virus transfers DNA to another cell, and conjugation, a form of horizontal gene transfer which requires cell-to-cell contact. The

now part of the cell. A virus cannot reproduce on their own. They are essentially, in Moreira and López-García's own words, gene robbers. Viruses such as the Mimivirus, evolve in the protein synthesis via HGT (Horizontal Gene Transfer) implying that viruses never had the capacity to synthesize their own proteins. Another point brought up in this article is, "most viral genes involved in energy and carbon metabolism, transcription, translation and replication with cellular homologues were acquired

Introduction  There are many factors which shape health and safety at work and safety culture is one of them. The purpose of this paper is to explore that factors surround safety culture in an organization. Safety culture can be define as internal and external factors which may impact an organisation negatively or positively. Some of those impact can be influence by management commitment, communication, production service demand, competence and employee representative Hughes and Ferrett, (2009)

Competition is a social process that involves a number of individuals or groups who seek to improve the quality of performance with better quality and higher speed with the same goals and objectives in a business venture. The competition is divided into two, namely intramodal and intermodal competition. Train service providers face competition from other service trains and also called intramodal competition such as the Kuala Lumpur Monorail, RapidKL, Light Railway Transit (LRT) and others, but the

Genetic engineering in humans is a recent development that gives parents the option to design their idea of a perfect baby. The idea of “perfect babies” will lead to designer babies. The term designer babies refers to using biotechnology to choose what type of baby you want. The traits that can be changed in these babies are gender, appearance, intelligence, disease, and personality. Changing these traits can cause many problems and can affect society, the family, and the baby. Society could be affected

archaea and eukaryotes: a vacuolar ATP synthase protein instead of the F1F0 variant found in most other free-living bacteria. Due to partial conservation of the vacuolar ATP operon compared to archaea, scientists believe the genes were disseminated through horizontal transfer (Makarova,

Review, 107(4), 578-583. doi:10.1111/gere.12259 Rizzi, A., Raddadi, N., Sorlini, C., Nordgrd, L., Nielsen, K., Daffonchio, D., 2012. The stability and degradation of dietary DNA in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals: implications for horizontal gene transfer and the biosafety of GMOs, Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 52 (2) 142–161. Schmidt, M., Artelt, P., Parrott, A., 2008. A comparison of strategies for transformation with multiplegenes via microprojectile-mediated bombardment, In Vitro Cell Dev

C) Provide the senior managers of Alphabet Games with a set of guidelines to follow that would enable them to carry out an effective SWOT analysis. Provide guidelines of SWOT analysis. We can define SWOT Analysis as a strategic planning tool utilized to evaluate the Threats, Weaknesses, Strengths , and Opportunities involved in a business venture or in a project or in or in any other case of an organization or individual to pursuit of an objective it must requiring a good decision. It includes