Hydrogen ion Essays

Introduction The term pH stands for potential Hydrogen. PH is the logarithmic measure of Hydrogen ion concentration. The pH level of something is the concentration of Hydrogen ions in the substances. It is used to specify the acidity or the alkalinity of a liquid solution. When the pH is less than 7 it is considered acidic and if it is higher than 7, it is considered basic. If it’s exactly 7 then it is called neutral. Lemon juice and vinegar are both very acidic, while bleach and soapy water are

neutral salt. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) also known as caustic soda is formed when electricity is passed through Brine [aqueous solution of sodium chloride (NaCl)] .This process is known as chlor-alkali process (Chlor for chlorine and alkali for NaOH). Hydrogen gas

Scientists use pH to categorize acids and bases into different strengths, following a pH scale.  pH stands for “power of Hydrogen”, and is used as a scale in order to conclude whether or not a substance is acidic, basic or neutral.  The scale ranges from a pH of 0 to a pH of 14 (with a colour that corresponds with each pH value for colour changing indicators).  A substance is an acid if it has a pH level of pH 0 to pH 6.  A pH 7 is neutral, which means that it is neither an acid nor a base.  A pH

Osmosis in potatoes Aim of the laboratory: The aim of this lab is to analyse the effect that the concentration change of sucrose has on the potatoes' osmosis rate. This can be investigated by using potatoes of the same shape, size and length that are placed in different beakers with different concentrations of sucrose. The potatoes must be weighed prior to as well as posterior to the placement in the beakers to measure the difference of the size, length, and eventually shape of the potato subsequent

Have you ever wondered what living objects were made up off? How food is digested? No not by cells, but those catalysts that break down substances. They are called enzymes. Enzymes are biological molecules, proteins, which act as catalysts and help complicated reactions occur everywhere in life. Enzymes are very precise catalysts that usually work to complete one assignment. Example being; an enzyme that helps digest proteins will not be useful to break down carbohydrates. Also, you will not find

This increases the H+ activity of the solution without increasing the concentration of OH- ions in the solution. The pH of the water becomes more acidic, when increasing the drops of HCl, the pH become lower (Murmson, 2014). On average commercial buffer had a pH of 7 because when HCl was added to a commercial buffer there was no change in the

since Glycerin is a liquid at room temperature. The only discrepancy is sodium hydrogen carbonate’s melting point, which is 50°, this does not match the recorded results, because sodium hydrogen carbonate was still in solid form when sucrose was changing state (suggesting that it possesses a higher melting point than 186°). The reason behind this discrepancy is because sodium hydrogen carbonate does not melt or change into a liquid, it decomposes, separating into carbon dioxide (gaseous

In ionic bonding, once the bond has occurred the atoms become stable and they become ions. Ionic bonds in nature are quite strong. Therefore the ionic compounds have high melting points and can be either very hard or brittle. The materials are good insulators, for both electricity and thermal conditions. These characteristics would be seen

compounds to go together and form new element like water. They also form granite and other things you can find in the world. Ionic bonding include anions and cations, the difference between the two is cations come from positive ions while anions come from negative ions. Main metal groups tend to lose electrons and nonmetals gain electrons. So metals are mostly cations and nonmetals tend to be anions. Both ionic and covalent bonds share one property that is well known in the periodic table. Electronegativity

two reactions, which is the better nucleophile, chloride ion or bromide ion? Try to explain this. Bromine is a better nucleophile. The chloride ion is more polar since it is above bromine on the periodic table and is more prone to hydrogen bonding due to its smaller size. Chloride ions are worse than bromine ions for nucleophilic attack, because the chloride ions are fully solvated and are not as available to attack. This is why Bromine ion is better nucleophile because is less electronegative and

Salt (NaCl) is primarily an electrically neutral crystalline substance produced by the reaction of a base—sodium—and an acid—chloride. Salt is technically formed when a cation (a positively charged ion) combines with an anion (a negative ion) to become electrically neutral. Salt causes freezing point depression when combined with ice. In order for salt to begin the melting process, it must come in contact with water. Fortunately, a thin film of water can generally be

attraction of charged ions. On the other hand, a covalent compound, forms when two nonmetals attract to each other, when some of their atoms share an electron. Ionic and

what are the three most important chemical bonds? A chemical bond is an atomic attraction between molecules by sharing electrons between two atoms or a transmission of electrons. The three major chemical bonds are the following ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds. An ionic bond is a transfer of valence electrons between two atoms. An example of this bond would be Sodium Chloride or (NaCl). Ionic bonds are high polarity, no definite shape, high melting points, occurs between two nonmetals, and are solid

join together to create new compounds. One way they can do this by ionic bonding. Ionic bonding, atoms can gain or lose electrons to create positively or negatively charged atoms or groups of atoms called ions. Because of the attraction of opposite charged, plus (+) and mins (-), the ions are strongly attracted to one another. All the atoms over at the left-hand side of the periodic table from the zigzag line has just one or two electrons in their outer shells. All the atoms over at the

combination of sodium and chlorine ions, which have a relatively weak bond strength. Conversely, the hydrogen and oxygen in water are bound together by covalent bonds. The positively charged end of the water molecule is attracted to the negative salt ion as well as the negatively charred side is attracted to the positive. This means that when salt is placed in water, the water molecules can easily break these bonds. Once the compounds are broken down into their individual ions, they spread through the liquid

and K2C2O4 to conduct two tests. The first tested the presence of either Lead (Pb2+) or Silver (Ag+) while the second tested the presence of Calcium (Ca2+) or Barium (Ba2+). The second method used flames to burn metal ions in solution and observe the colors shown to identify the ion present in solution. The purpose of Part A of the experiment was to test an unknown solution for the presence of either Pb2+ or Ag+. Unknown solution #3 was

Finding the empirical formula for hydrated copper sulfate using calculations to find the amount of each element present in the copper ion, sulfate ion, and water while also comparing the empirical formula to a literature value. Christian Cooper Alexis Powers CHM1210-18M/Gregory Bowers 11-5-15 Purpose: To begin, there are several different goals, techniques, and claims to note in the experiment involving hydrated copper sulfate. The overall goal of this experiment is to find the empirical

ionic compound and which are a covalent compound. In order to accurately digest the experiments results, definitions of each relating factor were researched, leading to the following information: ionic compounds are positive and negatively charged ions that experience attraction to each other and pull together in a cluster of ionic bonds; they are the strongest compound, are separated in high temperatures, and can be separated by polar water molecules. A covalent compound is formed when two or more

and salt, are an ionic compound and which are a covalent compound. In order to accurately digest the experiments results, research of definitions of each relating led to the following information: ionic compounds are positive and negatively charged ions that experience attraction to each other and pull together in a cluster of ionic bonds; they are the strongest compound, are separated in high temperatures, and can be separated by polar water molecules. A covalent compound forms when two or more nonmetal

by either ionic or covalent bonds. IONIC BONDING: Ionic Bonding is the complete transferring of valence electrons between two atoms. This type of chemical bonding results in two oppositely charged ions, a cation and an anion In ionic bonding the electrostatic attraction between the charged ions holds the compound together. Example: Bonding of Sodium and chlorine. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 Fig.1 to show the electronic configuration of sodium along with its atomic mass and atomic number The