Limiting reagent Essays

The limiting reagent in this lab was iron. Iron was the obvious limiting reactant because the 4.00 grams of iron was used to determine that 11.43 grams of copper sulfate would be necessary in the equation. Also, an extra 25% of copper sulfate was added to make sure there was enough copper sulfate in the reaction since it was the excess in the reaction. The theoretical yield of the reaction was 4.551 grams of copper. The theoretical yield is an amount predicted by stoichiometry and assumes that the

determine the limiting reagent in a chemical reaction. The principles of stoichiometry and limiting reagents will be used to predict the amount of product formed. The amount of product formed and the change in the color of the solution upon mixing of two reactants are being used to predict the limiting reagent and calculate the theoretical yield in grams. My hypothesis was that with the reaction of the zinc with the copper sulfate solution that it would dissolve the zinc to determine the limiting reagent

Limiting reagents can be easily determined on paper with stoichiometry, however, observing how it actually works is essential. This lab is focused on putting stoichiometry to use by determining and observing  the limiting reagent in the given, balanced reaction. In the field of chemistry, many want to produce a product by reacting to reactants that will create a certain amount of a product. In order to complete this, a chemist requires a balanced equation that states the exact amounts of reactants

The topic of this lab experiment is the relationship between percent yields and limiting reagents, and how it relates to copper (II) sulfate and aluminum foil. The objective was to determine the limiting reagent in a reaction and calculate the percent yield. To understand this, fundamental concepts of percent yields and limiting reagents are essential. A percent yield is defined as the ratio of the actual yield, to the theoretical yield in a reaction, expressed as a percent (Haberer, Salciccioli

One of the most important aspects of this experiment is to add the reagents in the specific order. First, the acetone and base solution is added and allowed time to react. This time lapse allows for the formation of carbanions. If all of the reagents were added at the same time, some carbanions would form, and some Cannizzaro products would form as well. Since benzaldehyde was not added until after the carbanion formation, the Cannizzaro reaction should not have happened. This is supported by the

Verna Wang Hannah Palmer CHEM 101-069 Lab 11-19-16 Stoichiometry and Limiting Reagents Lab Report Purpose: We are using the reaction of sodium hydroxide and calcium chloride to illustrate stoichiometry by demonstrating proportions needed to cause a reaction to take place. Background: Just like a recipe would call for a specific amount of one ingredient to a specific amount of another, stoichiometry is the same exact method for calculating moles in a chemical reaction. Sometimes, we may not have

E. Discussion: In order to synthesize the polymer, Nylon 6,10, we had to complete a few steps to create the chemical reaction that combined sebacoyl chloride and hexamethylenediamine. First we measured the mass of the two graduated cylinders when they were empty, and measured it again after they were filled with sebacoyl chloride and hexamethylenediamine. We did this in order to find the measurements of the reactants. When we measured the graduated cylinder when they were emptied, one weighed at

when they need to make other compounds such as the alcohol (Crabtree pg 253). The reagents used during the Grignard reactions are called the Grignard reagents or generally as the organomagnesium halide. For the effective Grignard reaction to take place, an addition to a ketone or the usage of aldehyde in the reaction to any of the tertiary or secondary alcohol has to take place (Seyferth pg 432). Grignard reagents are often made through the reaction of the halogenoalkane with small amount of the

Kolbe-Schmitt Reaction Kira Wall (CHE433) 12-3-14 The Kolbe-Schmitt reaction is named after Hermann Kolbe and Rudolf Schmitt. Schmitt published his research in the Journal fur Pracktische Chemie in 1885 while Kolbe published his research in the Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie in 1860. The reaction adds a carboxyl group onto the benzene ring of a phenol. The process uses a base carbon dioxide and acid work-up. The original reaction done by Kolbe involved the formation of sodium phenoxide

phenylmagnesium bromide as the Grignard reagent.

between a Grignard reagent and an aldehyde leads to the production of a secondary alcohol. In fact, this is what we observed with regards to the experiment results. The addition reaction between the Grignard reagent, phenolmagnesium bromide, and benzaldehyde leads to the formation of diphenylmethanol, a secondary alcohol, as the product. As mentioned earlier, the reaction of the alkyl halide, bomobenzene, and magnesium metal turnings leads to the production of the Grignard reagent. This was observed

Introduction Purpose The main purpose of this experiment is to learn the principles of stoichiometry. It will help us understand the process of finding moles of each reactant, limiting reagents, and calculating theoretical and percent yields for each reaction. Theoretical Background The stoichiometry depends on the balancing chemical formulas which must have the correct ratios for each reactant, so they can form product properly. The following reaction will be used as an example for this experiment:

necessary to find whether CaCl2 or NaOH is a limiting reagent. For each test, the limiting reagent is found by multiplying the number of moles of the reactant by 1 mole of Ca(OH)2 and dividing then by a number of moles of reactant from the reaction. The lowest answer in each test will be the limiting reagent. To find a theoretical yield, the limiting reagent was multiplied by the molar mass of Ca(OH)2 and

with impurities to deduce its effects on the actual yield of the precipitate by calculating percentage yield. INTRODUCTION In chemical reactions, there are limiting reagents which control the maximum yield of products. On the other hand, excess reactants are other reactants in a reaction that are left over or remain after the limiting reagent has been completely consumed. The maximum amount of product that any reaction can produce is called theoretical yield. To calculate theoretical yield, one must

react with the sodium bromide and combine with the sodium ion producing hydro-bromic acid. Later, when the flask is heated the bromide ion will be able to combine with the four carbon chain of the 1-butanol. During the process of this reaction the reagents were kept cool in an ice bath to avoid the possible evaporation of any of the solution. Distillation took place until no more drops of product were dripping from the distillation head. The first drop of distillate occurred

formulated, of which 10 basic principles were applied to all ethical principles commonly applied to human beings. The Nuremberg code is the first international ethical code to regulate the research of human subjects, but it doesn't distinguish life limiting diagnoses clinical research from clinical research on healthy people, nor does it establish a review mechanism for researchers' behavior (Winstein,

only react with powerful electrophilic reagents and elevated temperatures because aromatic electrons are less reactive in addition reactions as formation of a carbocation intermediate entails loss of resonance stabilization. The nitration of methyl benzoate to synthesize methyl m-nitrobenzoate is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution because a nitro group is substituted for a proton on the aromatic ring. For this experiment, the electrophilic reagent is nitronium ion, it is formed by sulfuric

Determination of molar mass of an element and a compound. Introduction: Aim: To determine the molar mass of an element, copper, and a compound, barium sulfate. Background Information: In this experiment, the limiting reagent was the copper oxide. The limiting reagent is the reactant that is completely used in a reaction, and thus determines when the reaction stops. Copper oxide is a pitch black solid at room temperature. Zinc reacts with acid, whereas copper does not react. The molar mass formula

Purpose In this experiment, the limiting reactant of a chemical reaction and the percent by mass composition of a mixture were determined. An unknown salt mixture containing sodium phosphate and barium chloride dihydrate was added to water producing a mixture containing a solid precipitate of barium phosphate. Through the use of filtration, the precipitate was removed from the mixture completely. The filtered liquid was transferred into multiple test tubes, each test tube had either barium chloride

week involved making the Grignard reagent and its reaction with Benzophenone, while the second week consisted of hydrolysis as well as extraction and purification of the product through recrystallization. The solid product was also characterized through melting point and infrared spectroscopy. Ultimately, the melting point range of pure triphenylmethanol was 162.1°C - 163.9°C. The experiment yielded 29.45% crude