Megan Hardy 18 January 2016 PHIL21006SP16: Intro to Logic Dr. F. Gipson Natural Deductive Logic: Introduction to Logic (Video/ Lecture 1) The term logic is used everyday whether it is known or not. Logic is a way to reason. Making everyday life decisions and making the better choice versus a different one would be a way of using logic. Rational decision-making would also be another way of explaining the term logic. One way of showing that an argument is valid is to break it down into several steps
Fuzzy logic is a logical system, which is an extension of multi valued logic. However, in a wider sense fuzzy logic (FL) is almost synonymous with the theory of fuzzy sets, a theory which relates to classes of objects with un sharp boundaries in which membership is a matter of degree. In this perspective, fuzzy logic in its narrow sense is a branch of FL. Fuzzy Logic Toolbox software. What might be added is that the basic concept underlying FL is that of a linguistic variable, that is, a variable
In a narrow sense, fuzzy logic can be defined as a logical system, which is an expansion of multi-valued logic. Whereas in a wider sense it is almost similar with fuzzy sets theory. It is a method for computing based on "degrees of truth or fact" rather than the "true or false" (1 or 0). The idea of fuzzy logic was first proposed by Dr. Lotfi Zadeh of the University of California at Berkeley in the 1965 [62]. 5.1 FUZZY LOGIC SYSTEM A fuzzy logic system (FLS) can be defined as the nonlinear mapping
Logic is the vital part when it comes to studying of reasoning or argumentation. Logic is fundamental to any disciple that makes use reasoning or argumentation. According to Merriam-Webster’s dictionary logic can be defined as a science that deals with the principles and criteria of validity of inference and demonstration. Logic is also a specific mode of reasoning viewed as valid or invalid. Based on those definitions, in all daily life, we use logic to examine the logic of common sentences and
By nature humans are endowed with powers of reasoning. Logic is the study of the uses of those powers. Intuitively ,we may have long acted on sound principles, only partly grasped. With care these principles can be brought to the surface by illustrating them with genuine controversies in the world of college students rather than with illustrations artificially devised for the purpose . Law is of vital importance, touching the lives of all people. The effect of law also matters a great deal,
Proposition vs Predicate Logic “A branch of philosophy and mathematics that deals with the formal principles, methods and criteria of validity of inference, reasoning and knowledge.” (Dictionary.com) The primary idea behind logic in computer science is to allow us to know and understand the truth value of a particular premise. This knowledge gives us greater understanding and allows us to make valid conclusions. It is with logic that computer programs are designed and only through logic we check and test
benefits of fuzzy logic lie in its ability to handle linguistic information by representing it as a fuzzy set. Fuzzy logic simultaneously tests this information against a variety of linguistic rules and makes a compromise decision . For eg. A police officer controlling traffic at an intersection may outperform advanced intersection controllers even though he does not exactly know how many vehicles have been waiting for how long,or what the exact magnitude of the capacity of the intersections is.
form of writing, logic would form the basis of a sound argument. If the argument is not logical, it cannot be further developed into a good one. Many people including me will find that having a logical argument is something that comes intuitively. However, after exploring ‘The Purdue Online Writing lab”, I discovered the mechanism of how to construct a logical argument which I feel is essential in developing a strong argument to support my stand when writing any piece. “Logic in Argumentative
Fuzzy Logic Control to detect Elevator Failure Abstract: Computer Logic relates to limited states. It is rigorous and deterministic. In simple words, Boolean logic makes use of 0 and 1 i.e. it has only 2 states either FALSE or TRUE but, Fuzzy logic uses the logical values between 0 and 1. It relies on common sense representing imprecise terms. This research represents the application of fuzzy logic in elevators. Fuzzy logic control in elevator will give an indication of lift failure before actual
Abstract—Reversible logic is the emerging topic for research due to its advantage of low energy consumption. Fault tolerant circuit design is required to give error free outputs. In this paper we present an optimized n bit Reversible Fault Tolerant Comparator design using parity preserving reversible logic gates. The Design involves MSB comparison as the first stage followed by Next Bit comparison stage which contributes for 1 bit garbage-less comparator design. The Design is generalized for n bit
Introduction Fuzzy logic is an old concept that was first introduced by Lotfi Zadeh in 1965. Fuzzy logic kept on developing until the year 1987 to this day this period is known as Fuzzy Boom period, and it will probably keep on evolving. People continually change their perception about the world. Therefore, ambiguity and uncertainty must exist in almost every real life problem, and fuzzy logic can deal with this uncertainty because "fuzzy logic starts with and builds on a set of user-supplied human
Introduction to Fuzzy Logic aims at sharing information and experiences in the world of Fuzzy Logic and about its various useful applications. The Fuzzy Logic (FL) concept is the brainchild of Lofti Zadeh, a professor at the University of California, Berkley. Through this concept is a control methodology , he presented Fuzzy Logic as a way to process data by allowing partial set membership instead of crisp set membership or non membership. This approach was not used in controlling systems till 1970
An hypothesis claims that (while mathematical logic may be universal) the logic expressed through the organization of written text is culture-specific; that is, “it posits that speakers of two different languages will organize the same reality in different ways” (Kaplan, 1988; 1987). That they should do so seems self-evident, because different languages provide different resources for organizing text. However, this filtering of text logic through language is largely unconscious; that is, learners
FUZZY LOGIC In recent years, the number and variety of applications of fuzzy logic have increased significantly. The applications range from consumer products such as cameras, camcorders, washing machines, and microwave ovens to industrial process control, medical instrumentation, decision-support systems, and portfolio selection. To understand why use of fuzzy logic has grown, you must first understand what is meant by fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic has two different meanings. In a narrow sense, fuzzy
systems can assist with judicial process, but the reasons should be sound and the meanings should be clear, hence the need of logic is important in law. Logic was initially used in court hearings or legal proceedings to provide a clear and unambiguous .representation of law..These approaches saw reasoning as a simple deduction from the representation of law. According to Fregean logic once the concepts are properly understood, a valid inference can be drawn from it, so the main task is to develop sound
Using Love and Logic as a useful tool in the classroom for having a safe, comfortable, and loving classroom environment. This program is used to help and raise children and adults to be happier, skiller, and empowered when teaching students in their classroom. By using Love, you are helping a student learn and grow through their mistakes. And after, using Logic helps students be able to live with the choices that they have made. It is a way of teaching that puts teachers in control of the classroom
3. Institutional logics theory This study aims at explaining the differences between various incubation practices. In order to do so this study rests upon the perspective of institutional logic theory as a theoretical basis for analyzing the relationship between institutional logics and practice variations within the field of business incubators. The concept of institutional logics finds its origin in a much older sociological stream of literature identified as ‘institutional theory’. In order
17 There are two ways to write the Fuzzy logic program in MATLAB commands window. One is using if-else function and second is using Fuzzy library function. Depends the convenient of a programmer, he or she can choose either method, but with Fuzzy library, the coding will become short and easy to understand. 2.2 Theory of Fuzzy Logic Fuzzy logic was discovered and suggested by Lotfi Zadeh in 1965 [9]. At that time, the fuzzy was an extra theory of Boolean algebra. It was taught in many universities
The logic bomb is “a computer program or a part of program that lies dormant until it is triggered by a specific logical event, such as certain date reached on the system calendar or a person’s rank in an organization dropped below a previous level.” [1] After triggering the logic bomb, the program may activate as performing malicious activities. It is difficult to detect the logic bomb before it triggers, because they are often embedded in large computer programs, some of which contain thousands
CHAPTER 3 TWO LEVEL FUZZY LOGIC BASED INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM (TLFL IDS) FOR BLACKHOLE ATTACKS IN WIRELESS AD HOC NETWORKS 3.1 FUZZY LOGIC 3.1.1 INTRODUCTION TO FUZZY LOGIC A fuzzy logic system (FLS) can be defined as the nonlinear mapping of an input data set to a scalar output data .A FLS consists of four main parts namely fuzzifier, rules, inference engine and defuzzifier. The fuzzy logic process has been explained by the following steps. Initially, a crisp set of input data have been converted