Microbial cellulose Essays

Assalamualaikum and a very good morning I bid to my lecturer, Madam Rosyati, and my fellow classmates. My name is Aina Izzati Binti Mohd Khair, S37085 and I am from K1. Nowadays, the earth is facing global challenges such as climate change and pollution which occurs due to human activities. As some of us know, plastic bag is one of the contributors for waste pollution. This is why I strongly believe that the usage of reusable bags should be enforced in our country, Malaysia as the use of plastic

Nigel Courtenay-Luck, Ph.D., CSO of Antisoma, at a recent 9th European Biotech Crossroads meeting, talked about data from Phase 1 of a study on a new type of biomolecule called an aptamer. He said that aptamers are very similar to antibodies; they can both recognize and bind to antigens, they both have low nanomolar binding, and the pKa of both molecules can be modified easily. He said that they are ideal to be used as therapeutics because they can bind well(since they are 3-D) without causing an

For pool owners, there is nothing more exhausting than cleaning the pool itself. Perhaps the common denominator as to why people want to own a pool is that they want to relax and enjoy it with their family and friends. That is the reason why most pool owners prefer to buy robotic pool cleaners. Having fun in the water is only the peak of an iceberg of having a pool. The rest of the iceberg lies on pool maintenance. It would probably take more time cleaning the entire pool than the actual leisure

The use of neurotoxin “periodic botulinum toxin” injections is considered to be the gold standard treatment for adductor spasmodic dysphonia. Botulinum toxin is produced by the bacterium clostridium botulinum and attains a “reversible neuromuscular blockade at presynaptic terminals, therefore, preventing the release of acetylcholine in response to action potentials” (Holden, Vokes, Taylor, Till & Crumley, 2007). Botox is directly put into the affected muscles of the larynx; therefore, injection of

Cellulose normally referred as the most abundant macromolecule on earth that produced by plant. This cellulose is a type of carbohydrate which often found in plant. The cellulose synthesis can also occurs in other groups rather than plants, such as groups of algae, a number of bacterial species including cyanobacteria and also tunicates in the animal kingdom (Saxena et al., 2005). Cellulose generally consists of glucose glycosidically linked in β-1-4 conformation as shown in Figure 2.1. The repeating

15]. The concept of starch overload induced colic is based off the first reliable starch induced method by Garner (1978). According to a previous study, colic can be induced by a starch bolus dose of 17.6g/kg/body weight of 85% starch and 15% wood cellulose flour, which can be prepared gruel and administered directly to the stomach via stomach tube [6]. Changes to the microbiota have been noted to occur within the first 24-36 hours, post induction [16]. After induction, samples can be collected from

shavings with a combination of two reagents, sodium sulphide and sodium hydroxide, Under 8 kgf/cm2 and at 165°C, in a digestor. The two reagents in the cooking liquor serve to accelerate the delignification, with recovery of the cellulose fibres. At this step, the cellulose pulp is known as brown mass, appearing dark in colour because of the black liquor. It can be assumed that 90–95% of the hemicellulose and lignin are dissolved and partially degraded during this process. The main advantage of the

Tannins Tannins are polyphenolic compounds that are broadly categorized into two major groups: 1. Condensed tannins, or proanthocyanidins, consisting of oligomers of two or more flavan-3-ols, such as catechin, epicatechin, or the corresponding gallocatechin. 2. Hydrolysable tannins, consisting of a central core of carbohydrate to which phenolic carboxylic acids are bound by ester linkage. Tannins have a very high affinity for proteins and form protein-tannin complexes. The ingestion of a plant

Precipitation, ii) dialysis and iii) Ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Cellulose columns. All steps were carried out at 4ºC to maintain the stability of the isolated products unless mentioned otherwise. The chemicals and dialysis membrane matrix used for the partial purification were ammonium Sulfate, Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate, Sodium Hydrogen Phosphate, Sodium Chloride, dialysis membrane cut off 5 kDa and DEAE-Cellulose. All were obtained from Himedia Labs. 3.9.1 Ammonium sulfate fractionation

Fork experienced a gradual increase in temperature over the course of three months, as the seasons changed from winter to spring, with varying temperature fluctuations caused by natural events (Fig.2). This gradual increase in temperature amplifies microbial activity, enhancing leaf decomposition through oxygen consumption and sulfate reduction (Trevathan-Tackett et al. 2020). The. The gradual instream temperature increase in Miller’s Fork could have experienced this phenomenon, meaning a faster upregulation

Chromatographic decontamination 1) ion trade Decontamination of steed Ig by particle trade strategies has been portrayed. These creators took after the technique for Ter Avest et.al. (1992) with minor adjustments, utilizing DE-52 cellulose or DEAE CL-6b. 1gram DE-52 cellulose in 6ml 0.01m phosphate cradle (PB) ph6.0 was included every ml of serum. The DEAE CL-6b gel was washed twice with 0.5m Hcl, twice with 0.5m Naoh and twice with PB ph6.0 before utilization. For DEAE 1ml gel every 1ml serum was utilized

purpose of this practical is to purify and detect lysozyme from a mixture of components. Lysozyme is a protein found in high concentration in egg whites and is found to be very useful in the pharmaceutical and food industry as it has a high anti-microbial, anti-viral and anti-parasite properties. In hens, it is said to account for 3.5% of the total protein in a hen egg white. In the food and pharmaceutical industry lysozyme is used to inhibit the growth of harmful microorganism and extends the shelf

for food use. The advantages of biopolymers are it can reduce the dependence of fossil fuels and it’ s easy biodegradable. (Cech,2001) Cellulose is a complex of carbohydrate and consisting of 3,000 or more unit of glucose. It is an outstanding commodity due to its abundance and distinctive structural properties (Eckardt,2003). And some animals can digest cellulose with the help of symbiotic micro organisms that may live in their guts (Somerville,2006). Aqueous solution is a solution which solvent

The emerging field of synthetic biology and genomic editing has sparked a biological revolution. The possible applications of these techniques for the advancement of health, technology, industry, and agriculture seem endless. However, these new advancements have also raised national security concerns. There has been an expressed concern, by the United States government, for the ease of use and accessibility of these technologies and for their use as a biological weapon (Coats, 2017). It is imperative

coating. In most foods, microbial contaminations occur predominantly at the surface, meaning using edible films such as chitosan allows minimal space between the foods’ surface and its’ environment. However, the coating has weak mechanical properties, and is permeable for gas and water vapour. Blending chitosan with starch improves its mechanical properties and allows a better novel food preservative. ADVANTAGES: - As chitosan is the second most abundant carbohydrate after cellulose, it’s not unusual

History In 1811, Henri Braconnot (Botany director at the faculty of sciences in Nancy- France) extracted chitin for the first time and named it as ‘fungine’, he noticed that it is not soluble in sulfuric acid. In 1823, Auguste Odier, a French scientist extracted chitin from cuticle of beetles and named it after the Greek word for ‘tunic’, ‘chiton’ and after that ‘chitin’ was used. In 20th century scientists studied more about polymers and their uses, and discovered useful properties. Chitin is environmentally

factory or distillery. Bagasse is also used in paper manufacture, depending on other fibers and processing, it can be used for all grades from coarse brown to newspaper and fine paper. Bagasse has also been used for single cell protein production as cellulose source, and as animal

stable material, although it is hygroscopic after drying. Solutions are stable at pH 3–11. Aqueous solutions are comparatively enzyme-resistant, providing good viscosity stability during long-term storage. However, aqueous solutions are liable to microbial spoilage and should be preserved with an antimicrobial. 5.4. EUDRAGIT NE 40 D81-82: Nonproprietary Names: Polyacrylate Dispersion 40 Per Cent Ph. Eur. Chemical structure: Eudragit NE 40 D is the aqueous dispersion of a neutral copolymer based on

strained contains carbohydrates (4–5%), lactose (45–50 g/L), proteins (6–8 g/L), lipids (4–5 g/L) and mineral salts (8–10% of dried extract). Mineral salts include NaCl and KCl (>50%) as well as calcium salts (among others). The water content of cheese whey is quite high, constituting as much as 93.12 grams out of 100 g . When dewatered, however, solids are left. 2.2.7 Corn syrup. Corn syrup (as differentiated from high-fructose corn syrup which is a different product) is one of several natural

The Element Vanadium and its Uses Vanadium was discovered by Andrés Manuel del Rio, a Mexican chemist, in 1801. Rio sent samples of vanadium ore and a letter describing his methods to the Institute de France in Paris, France, for analysis and confirmation. Unfortunately for Rio, his letter was lost in a shipwreck and the Institute only received his samples, which contained a brief note describing how much this new element, which Rio had named erythronium, resembled chromium. Rio withdrew his claim