Molecular orbital Essays

Unit 3: Formation of ionic and metallic bonds Key unit competence: Describe how properties of ionic compounds and metals are related to the nature of their bonding 3.1. Introduction  Activity 3.1 Look at the pictures above and answer the following questions. Record your answers and discuss them in your groups. 1) Observe carefully pictures A, B and C and suggest the similarity between them. 2) What can you say about the chloride and sodium ions in the pictures above? 3) What holds the chloride

laying out the equations describing an orbital spaceflight in which the landing position of the spacecraft is specified. It was the first time a woman in the Flight Research Division had received credit as an author of a research report. In 1962 NASA prepared themselves for the orbital mission. Katherine would have a moment to remember. She would be doing something that would make her well known for. The work that was required Katherine was well for. Orbital flight had required the construction of

Genetic Modifications Genetic Modification is a change or substitution caused by human activity in the DNA (the substance that responsible about the appearance of the organism). Genetic modification was accomplished for the first time in 1973 by Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer. Some scientists in countries around the world aspire applying this technology on plants and humans. Now some countries like USA, Argentina, Brazil, Canada and China allow their scientists to make researches on genetic

Recombinant DNA molecules are DNA molecules formed by laboratory methods of genetic recombination to bring together genetic material from multiple sources, creating sequences that would not otherwise be found in the genome. Recombinant DNA is possible because DNA molecules from all organisms share the same chemical structure. They differ only in the nucleotide sequence within that identical overall structure.Recombinant DNA is the general name for a piece of DNA that has been created by the combination

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a laboratory technique used to make various duplicates of a portion of DNA. PCR is very exact and can be utilized to intensify, or duplicate, a particular DNA target from a blend of DNA molecules. It empowers scientists to create a huge number of duplicates of a particular DNA arrangement in around two hours. This robotized procedure sidesteps the need to utilize microscopic organisms for intensifying DNA. First Stage: The reactants

RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) Introduction to technique: Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, RFLP is a method of genetic analysis that allows individuals to be identified on the basis of unique patterns of restriction enzyme cutting in the particular regions of DNA. This technique takes an advantage of the polymorphisms occur in individual people's genetic codes. Even though all members of a particular specie have fundamentally the same genetic makeup, but these slight differences

Introduction The practicum has been developed in RIKEN Centre of Developmental Biology in Kobe, in the laboratory of Axial Pattern Dynamics under the supervision of Inomata-sensei and Matsukawa-san. In the laboratory they try to artificially regulate the gradient shape, they can control morphogen-dependent pattern formation. In general, the shape of a gradient is defined by three factors; synthesis, diffusion, and degradation of morphogen. So, they attempt to spatiotemporally regulate the gradient

What on Earth is Pharming? Pharming is “the production of pharmaceuticals by genetically engineered plants or animals,”(Merriam-Webster.com). Pharming has many different aspects. There is modifying plants and there is modifying animals. When people modify plants they are changing a certain trait to help the crop grow efficiently in different environments. Say someone wanted a nice watermelon. But they want the watermelon in the middle of winter. That is not when a watermelon grows. It grows during

My educational goal is to earn a degree in Biology and Spanish from the University of California, Riverside, in hopes of getting a job inside the laboratory department at Kaiser. Based on labs that I have already done at the University, I found that I enjoy working in a similar setting. I would love to have the opportunity to shadow a connoisseur in a similar work environment, as it would be a valuable learning experience. I come from a low-income family in Oakland, California. The economic barrier

DNA in Forensic Science DNA is the carrier of genetic information in humans and other living organisms. It has become a very useful tool in forensic science since it was discovered. In forensic science, DNA testing is used to compare the genetic structure of two individuals to establish whether there is a genetic relationship between them. One example of the use of DNA in forensic science that is important in biology today is comparing a suspect’s DNA profile to DNA that was discovered at a crime

This chapter presents an overview of protein structure prediction by representing some of the techniques. The structure prediction of protein has two main techniques. The secondary structure prediction and tertiary structure prediction methods are also discussed in this chapter. 2.1 OVERVIEW OF PROTEIN STRUCTURE PREDICTION TECHNIQUES Proteins perform many biological functions and represent the building blocks of organisms. Basically there are 20 types of amino acids in proteins consists of different

The movie Jurassic Park became an international sensation when it was released in 1993. It changed the cinematic art of storytelling. It was widely recognized as a high watermark in computer graphics (Timeline, 2015). The reason for these accolades was the extensive computer-generated imagery (CGI) that was used throughout the movie. Before Jurassic Park, CGI was used but not to this extreme that director Steven Spielberg demanded. • 1985: Young Sherlock Holmes - Stain Glass Man, first completely

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE The specimen Al 2024 which was consist of 3.8-4.9% Cu, 1.2-1.8% Mg, 0.3-0.9% Mn, and Fe, Cr, Zn, Ti in a little amount had been inserted into a furnace set at 500oC approximately 50 minutes for a solution treatment before the lab. Its height was 7 mm and width was 25 mm. At the beginning of the lab the specimen was removed from the furnace using tongs and quenched in water. Then, the specimen was put into the oil at 190oC for 6 min. While waiting, another specimen Al 2024

Pharming What is pharming? The term "pharming" comes from a combination of the words "farming" and "pharmaceuticals." Gene pharming is a technology that scientists use to alter an animal's own DNA, In pharming, these genetically modified (transgenic) animals are used mostly to make human proteins that have medicinal value. The protein encoded by the transgene is secreted into the animal's milk, eggs, or blood, and then collected and purified. Livestock such as cattle, sheep, goats, chickens, rabbits

Introduction: Genetically modified organisms can be defined as organisms in which the DNA has been changed in a way that does not occur naturally by any reproduction procedure. The enviropig is just one of many organisms that they did experiments on to modify it to have specific (needed) outcomes. The reason for genetic modification is to be able to change a product or organism so that it deliver desirable traits. The enviropig was created to solve the problem of pigs not being able to absorb enough

1.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR): Polymerase chain reaction is a method of DNA or RNA amplification . The PCR method allows millions of copies to be created from a very small DNA section. The PCR methodology was developed in 1983 by Kary Mull , who in 1993 received a Nobel Prize for Chemistry with Michael Smith PRINCIPLE & PROCEDURES: 1.DNA denaturation. Once the DNA has been isolated and purified from the cell, a PCR assay can begin. Uncleaned DNA can also be used for PCR, but it is ineffective

Qualitative tests and the analyses of these are done to identify the structure and reaction of each protein to a particular test. There are general and specific tests to be able to identify the different types of proteins clearly and to classify them into groups. General tests include the Biuret and Ninhydrin while for the specific types of tests, these include the Xanthoproteic, Million-Nasse, Hopkins-Cole, Sakaguchi and Lead Acetate. Biuret Test. The Biuret Test is positive for peptide bonds

This research paper is about the Genetic disease called Progeria. The medical term for Progeria is Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome or HGPS. Progeria is caused by a single nucleotide substitution. Progeria cannot be passed down from parent to child. Progeria is caused by random accident during cell division. Progeria affects a protein called Lamin A. Lamin A is encoded by the gene LMNA. LMNA is located on chromosome one. In Progeria, the nuclear envelope does not have the support to maintain

3.5. Evaluation of Pseudomonas spp. as plant growth-promoting bacteria under salt stress Four strains, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, strain 24, Pseudomonas sp., strain 30, P. putida, strain 103 and P. fluorescens, strain 109 which are salt tolerant and have the following plant growth-beneficial traits: IAA production, phosphate solubilization, and ACC deaminase production were selected for maize growth stimulation under salinated soil. For non-saline soil (NSS) treatment, strain 103, characterized

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) Today i’m here to talk to you about crispr “what's crispr” you might ask you also might ask “why does it have no E its triggering my ocd” and my answer is well too bad because i say that word about fifty times in this essay so what does crisper stand for it stands for Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and is super annoying to type so i’m not going to do that any more but I AM going to tell you about how crispr