Mucous membrane Essays

An artificial pacemaker is an implantable electronic device that delivers a controlled, rhythmic electric stimulus to the heart muscle in order regulate the heartbeat. Functionally, a pacemaker comprises at least three parts: a electrical pulse generator, a power source and an electrode system. It is used to treat abnormal heart rhythms called Cardiac dysrhythmia or arrhythmias The development of artificial pacemaker begins with the introduction of the galvanism theory. In 1762, Luigi Galvani became

Connective tissue varies widely in appearance and function, but all forms share three basic components which are extracellular protein fibers, specialized cells, and a fluid known as ground substance. The combination of the extracellular fiber and ground substances produces the matrix that surrounds the cells. The functions of connective tissue are to establish a structural framework for the body. Secondly, it transport fluids and dissolved materials. The connective tissue also protect delicate

necessary parts that allow for the transport of molecules, substances, and other important chemicals. Each cell is surrounded by a cell membrane, one of the most critically important structures in our body, which protects our cells, maintains homeostasis by controlling transport in and out of the cell, and allows for intercellular communication and signalling. The cell membrane is comprised of several parts that each coincide to aid in the functions it is responsible for, including specific transport proteins

435, 2012). The action/pharmacodynamics of pseudoephedrine is that it produces vasoconstriction via stimulation of alpha receptors inside the mucosa of the respirator tract, which then decreases swelling in the mucous membranes temporarily (Woo & Wynne, p. 430, 2012). It can also increase heart rate and cardiac output as well as constrict the GI and urinary sphincters (Woo & Wynne, p. 432, 2012). The use of pseudoephedrine is for nasal

In addition to this, osmoregulation is associated with controlling the water content of the body. This is monitored so that cells have protection, not allowing over a certain amount of water to enter or exit them. Therefore, the amount of water content is adequately monitored and controlled through water loss. This can occur through the lungs when the body exhales, the skin when we sweat and the body through urine that is formed by the organ known as the kidneys. Moreover, this also includes controlling

4.Literature research: Osmosis is the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a semi-permeable membrane into a region of high solute concentration, in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on two sides. There are 3 types of osmotic conditions that affect living cells, they are: hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic states. These terms describe the osmotic state of the solution that surrounds a cell, not the solution inside the cell. Hypertonic conditions cause

The membrane permeability of Beta vulgaris is affected by ethanol solution Introduction Cell membranes are the semi-permeable membrane that surrounds all cells. It separates the extracellular environment from the intercellular environment. It is a phospholipid bilayer which contains various proteins, lipids and carbohydrates all serving different purposes. It is this structure which allows for the transport of nutrients, proteins and water. (Nature.com, 2014). Through extensive testing it has been

Do you think vaccination is important? Vaccination is very important because it is the most effective way to prevent an outbreak of infectious disease. Vaccination is the introduction of vaccine or antigenic material into our body to incite our immune system to fight with the pathogen and acquire immunity towards the disease that is caused by the pathogen. After the vaccine is successfully introduced into our body, it can protect us from infectious diseases. Vaccination can be called effective and

Osmosis and diffusion are both types of transports. Diffusion is the process of which molecules spread from areas of high concentration, to areas of low concentration. Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a membrane, moving molecules from an area of high concentration, to an area of low concentration. The capability of an extracellular solution to move into or out of the cell is known as tonicity. Three terms are used when relating to tonicity; Hypertonic, Hypotonic, and Isotonic (khan, 2016)

mg/ml PEG 20,000 or Ficoll 70, and the reduced and carboxyamidated form of RNase T1 that is intrinsically unstructured at pH 7 was found to exhibit some catalytical activity upon the addition of 400 mg/ml dextran 70. In addition, protein binding to a membrane surface results in “partial denaturation” (i.e. being transformed into a non-native state). The effects of various polyols, such as ethylene glycol, glycerol, erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol, and inositol, on the structure of acid-unfolded horse cytochrome

Mitochondria are the main suppliers of ATP in most mammalian cells, it control both neurotic and the apoptosis signaling pathway, which is the apoptotic cell death pathways. Mitochondria is associated with the coordination of the cellular calcium (Ca2+) signaling. Mitochondria also produces and are targets of free radical species that control many characteristics of the cell’s physiology, this can be seen in Figure 1 and the structure and function can be seen in Figure 2. (Duchen and Szabadkai 2010)

Abbreviations SCN Suprachiasmatic nucleus RTH Retinohypothalamic tract PER Period homolog BMAL1 Brain and Muscle Arnt Like Protein 1 CLOCK Circadian locomotor output cycles kaput CRY Cryptochrome REV-ERB-α Reverse erythroblastosis virus α ROR α/γ Retinoid-related orphan receptor α/γ FAA Food-anticipatory activity NPY Neuropeptide Y AgRP Agouti-related protein MCH Melanin concentrating hormone CART Cocain amphetamine-regulated transcript POMC Pro-opiomelanocortin MSH

it loses when placed in salt solution? Introduction This design practical uses a potato’s surface area to volume ratio to see what affects it has on osmosis in different concentrations. Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a cell membrane into an area of a higher solute concentration. The movement goes the way of the solvent with more solute because the lower solute concentration is drifting through balancing the ratio of solute per solvent (En.wikipedia.org, 2018). Surface Area to

Higher Concentration of Sucrose Lowers the Mass of a Potato Independent Variable: Concentration of Sucrose used Dependent Variable: Mass of each Potato after Experiment Constant: Size of Potato being used at room temperature Introduction We learned about hypertonic and hypotonic environments before this lab as well as what takes place during osmosis. Do potatoes loose or gain mass when soaked in specific solutions such as sugar or salts? Sugar is a large molecule and has low permeability

A total of 18 healthy Callosobruchus maculatus were used in this experiment. There was a ratio of 6 females to 3 males inside each petri dish. The sex of each beetle was determined based on the overall length and the orientation of the rear of each beetle. Each beetle was born and raised within a laboratory on Mung beans. Materials: 20 whole large and small lima beans were used in this experiment as well as two petri dishes. An aspirator was used to suck each Callosobruchus maculatus out of

Osmosis is a process where the solvent molecules pass through a semipermeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until it reaches equilibrium. These solvent molecules, typically water, move freely. Carbon dioxide is able to move across the cell membrane through a process called simple diffusion. This works in a similar manner, carbon dioxide is able to move freely across the cell membrane from low to high concentration. When oxygen is breathed in, the red blood

understanding of what is happening in the movement of molecules. If we put an egg into different environments then we will observe osmosis, passive transport, hypertonic environments, and hypotonic environments because the egg has a permeable plasma membrane and we will observe the effects of osmosis. Osmosis is the net movement of water going from high to low on the concentration gradient. During this experiment we observed osmosis when we put an egg into corn syrup. When we placed the egg here the

Energy was used to set up the ion gradient and that is why there are more sodium ions outside the membrane than the inside. The sodium ions are transported forcefully outside the cell membrane and the potassium ions are transported forcefully inside the cell membrane. The energy that is used for this is in the form of ATP which is broken down into ADP + P2. This is known as a sodium potassium pump. This process is called an active transport which means that it uses energy by breaking down a molecule

Describe the importance of cell membrane, its structure and function Cells are the main components of organization in biology. All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane. The cell membrane is semipermeable; made of smaller molecules that form a porous and flexible composition. The cell membrane is made up of phospholipids that contain a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. Cholesterol stiffens the membrane by connecting the phospholipids together. Glycolipids signal other molecules and glycoproteins

Discuss the role of proteins in cell membrane transport Cell membranes are the barriers and gatekeepers of the cell; they provide overall structure, control the exchange of molecules between the extra and intercellular environments and are the site for many important processes. Cell membranes consist of a phospholipid bilayer where each repeating unit is comprised of two fatty acid tails bound to a phosphate head including a polar group attached to the glycerol region. Due to the amphipathic nature