Organic reaction Essays

Organic chemistry II Experiment 3: chromic acid oxidation reaction Introduction: Camphor is very compact and its molecular structure is symmetrical which gives it the property to change directly from a solid to vapour when heated. Therefore, camphor can easily be purified by sublimation technique. Sublimation is a phase change in which a solid phase passes directly into the vapour without going through an intermediate liquid phase. Solids which have vapour pressure below melting points can be purified

benzophenone and benzhydrol by the alkali derived from the glass container used for the reaction. Benzopinacol obtained in the first experiment is converted to benzopinacolone by heating under reflux (5 minutes) with glacial acetic acid containing trace amount of iodine dissolved in it. This reaction is known as pinacol- pinacolone rearrangement. Step I: Preparation of benzopinacol from benzophenone : Coupling reaction Reaction: Procedure: 1. Take a mixture of 1.5 g of benzophenone , one drop of glacial

Grasshopper in a group are subject to attractive three forces based on combined sensory, chemical, and mechanical cues that affect their motion. These forcess represent the grasshopper swarming behavior and they are: 1. Downwind advection force 2. Social interactions force 3. Gravity force There are N grasshoppers in the swarm group, and the ith grasshopper has position xi. The general grasshopper mathematical model is defined as follows: xi = Si + vg + va (1) The direction of grasshopper swarm migration

Samarium (II) Iodide A single electron transfer reagent useful for organic synthesis. A look into samarium (II) Iodide (Sml2), a powerful single electron donor which plays a vital role in the chemoselective reduction of certain functional groups and carbon-carbon bond formations. Cathal McKenna Student Number: 11322441 10/6/2014   Introduction Samarium (II) Iodide has emerged in recent times as a very useful reagent in organic synthesis. The compound was first used by Kagan and his researchers

of the trends in the food industry nowadays is organic food. Organic food, as advertised by several people, is “chemical-free”. The use of the phrase “chemical-free” on products is only a marketing strategy since people nowadays occasionally perceive chemicals as a poison or something that has a harmful effect on one’s body. The label causes the public believe that their product is safe and/or healthy. Contrary to what most people believe in, organic products are not actually chemical-free because

Why Organic Bedding is Worth It “I want to pollute the earth as much as possible,” said no one ever. No one wants to intentionally destroy this beautiful world we live in. We see nature as something awe-inspiring, something that needs to be protected. We want to enjoy the sweet scent of a rose or the magnificent view from a mountain top, which is why we all want to take care of the earth. Since we all want to protect the environment, everyone loves the idea of organic products. Buying organic is

Introduction Grignard reagent is considered as an organometallic compound or it's the composition of electrophilic and nucleophilic that electrophilic is the carbon atom of organic halide which is directly attached to the halogen, it's reactivity can be switched to the nucleophilic reactivity by conversion an organomagnesium halide. It has the general formula of (RMgX) and it has a general nomenclature which it's called magnesium alkyl halide. We can get Grignard reagent by adding one of solutions

the use of a water-cooled condenser under heat in order to prevent the escape of reagents, due to the fact that the organic reaction is very slow and takes a long time to display differences in effects, as well as the fact that though application of heat to the mixture may increase the rate of reaction, some organic compounds may also vaporize and disturb the proceeds of the reaction, due to the high heat and low boiling points of the compounds. Furthermore, a vigorous stir of the mixture under heat

the disinfection dose, • the residual disinfection involved, • nature and conditions of disinfection • temperature, and pH, • reaction time, • nature of source water • the constituents of water (organic as well as inorganic ), and • most importantly the concentrations and properties of naturally present organic matter (NOM)in the water. Thus ,the amount of organic precursors including the algal load in the drinking water to be treated , water temperature and pH, the amount and type of chemical

In the talk, “Adventures in Organic Chemistry – Over Three Decades of Synthetic Organic Chemistry” presented by Dr. Chris Condeiu, he tried to relate the industry of organic chemistry to a students’ perspective. Three major points were drawn out through the talk. The first was the perspective of how capitalism drives the industry and the mechanism of doxycycline was formed. With an overview of his talk, the expectation was that a deeper understanding of how pharmaceutical drugs’ mechanisms are formed;

The fermentation does not require external electron acceptors because the organic contaminant serves as both an electron donor and an electron acceptor. Through a series of internal microorganism-mediated electron transfers, the organic contaminant is converted into harmless compounds known as fermentation products. Examples of fermentation products are acetate, propionate, ethanol, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Fermentation products can be biodegraded by other species of bacteria, eventually turning

RESULTS & DISCUSSION The reaction scheme for the oxidation of cyclohexene to adipic acid is shown in Figure 2. This reaction was an ionic addition reaction, and it utilized the oxidizing properties of H2O2 in the presence of WO42-. For this reaction to occur, first Na2WO4 dissociated in the aqueous layer due to its ionic properties and the polarity of water as the solvent. WO42-, a complex stabilized by its resonance contributors, was taken into the organic layer by Aliquat 336, the phase transfer

point and the IR spectrum results. Many sources of error were responsible for recovering a small amount of product. Introduction: The carbon-carbon bond formation is an important tool in organic chemistry to construct the simple as well as an organic compound. There are several

In the reaction mechanism, magnesium and anhydrous diethyl ether were added to bromobenzene (the limiting reagent). Adding the bromobenzene to the magnesium turnings quickly would form a biphenyl bi-product. Therefore, when added at the proper rate, this allowed magnesium to form a bond with bromine and with the alpha carbon that bromine was originally attached to. The magnesium then took the two electrons that it shared with the alpha carbon, making itself positively charged, and then detached itself

This paper talks about what effect the reaction speed when 2,4-dinitrophenol (24-DNP) is going to be decomposed by nature light. In an aqueous environment, decomposition speed of 24-DNP is significantly slower than which dissolved in secondary organic material (SOM) which generated through a-pinene. Low temperature also do great effect to this reaction in organic solvent. Author make a assumption that the increase of viscosity,due to low temperature, suppresses the moment of atom reaction.The

Enzymes Enzymes are catalysts for chemical reactions. They speed up these chemical reactions by lowering activation energy (energy required to start a chemical reaction.) Enzymes do not undergo permanent changes, so they are unchanged at the end of the reaction; they can only alter the rate of the reaction. Enzymes usually only catalyze specific reactions because of the shapes of the enzyme molecules. Many enzymes consist of a protein and the cofactor, which is a non-protein. The intramolecular

that chemistry is a major component in racing is the use of Nomex in racing helmets and suits as a fire retardant material. Currently Nomex continues to be one of the most fire retardant textiles available and is synthesized through the condensation reaction of isophthaloylchloride and meta-phenylenediamine. Without the use of Nomex textiles, racing would be a much more dangerous sport as fires occasionally occur after crashes. Another important technology utilized in motorsports is Kevlar which is also

Dr. Condeiu’s presentation on synthetic organic chemistry was a rewarding experience because he touched on some very important concepts. Not only did he mention many of the things discussed in class in terms of real world examples, but he also brought a human face to being a synthetic organic chemist, and also mentioned several examples of synthetic challenges he has personally faced. Dr. Condeiu showed some real life examples of themes we discussed in class. In particular, I found his example

determine if the product is a primary or secondary hydrocarbon. The heterogeneous reaction mixture contains 1-hexene, 48% HBr(aq), and tetrabutylammonium bromide and was heated to under reflux conditions. Heating under reflux means that the reaction mixture is heated at its boiling point so that the reaction can proceed at a faster rate. The attached reflux condenser allows volatile substances to return to the reaction flask so that no material is lost. Since alkenes are immiscible with concentrated

Career Exploration Fields: Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-based molecules. These chemists are called organic chemists and work with substances found in living things, such as plant and animal material. Modern organic chemists, however, have expanded the field to also encompass non-organic compounds. Not only do they transform organic compounds into new compounds not found in nature, they also synthesize non-organic compounds into synthetic organic compounds by separating molecules and