PH meter Essays

Introduction Buffer is a solution that resists a change in pH when bases or acid are added. Solutions that are acidic contain high concentrations of hydrogen ions (H+) and have pH values less than seven. Buffer usually consist of a weak acid, and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. The function of buffer is to resist the changes in hydrogen ion concentration as a result of internal and environmental factor. This buffer experiment is important so that we relies the important

capacity at pH 4. To do this, buffer #1 consisted of the mixture of 0.5003 M acetic acid and .50 M sodium acetate, while buffer #2 consisted of the mixture .5003 M acetic acid and .4289 M NaOH. Within each mixture, there is a ratio of conjugate acid to conjugate base. By using the Henderson Hasselbalch equation, the volume for the base and acid to buffer the pH of solution at 4.0 were calculated. Two titration were performed for each buffer: HCl and NaOH. A pH meter was used to record the pH change

The topic of this research paper will cover over Ocean Acidification and the effects on marine ecosystems. Ocean acidification is the decrease in pH levels of the Earth 's oceans, due to overbearing carbon dioxide being brought by the atmosphere. The carbon dioxide is drawn by seawater, where the chemical reactions take place, which minimize the pH levels in the ocean, the carbonate levels and the important calcium carbonate which these sea creatures need. When carbon dioxide disperses in this ocean

quantitative values can alter the pH in a solution. This procedure was carried out by mixinging specific acid or base solutions together and comparing the experimental value with the actual accepted value. For Part 1, the weak acid, acetic acid, was titrated with the strong base of NaOH. After adding small amounts of NaOH portions at a time until reaching the pH value of 11.5, the points recorded lead to the determination of the half equivalence point of the pH and the pKa . The half equivalence

Methods Formulation of chloramphenicol ophthalmic hydrogel Formulations was prepared according in Table 1. Poloxamer 188 and poloxamer 407 each weighed and dissolved with distilled water. Then stored in the refrigerator for 24 hours. Next chloramphenicol dissolved with propylenglicol, and nipagin. The mixture was stirred until the entire dissolved and homogeneous. The materials were ready each put in a bottle 100 mL size vial, then sterilized with autoclave for 15 minutes at 121 °C. The preparations

Gellan gum is an anionic deacetylated exocellular polysaccharide secreted by Pseudomonas elodea with a tetrasaccharide repeating unit of one á-L-rhamnose, one â-D-glucuronic acid and two â-D-glucuronic acid residues 30. It has the propensity of gelation which is temperature reliant or cations induced .This gelation involves the formation of double helical junction zones followed by aggregation of the double helical segments to form a three-dimensional network by complexation with cations and hydrogen

DEFINITION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE TASK The researcher will conduct an inflated balloon experiment. This experiment will allow the audience to understand clearly, "Charles' Law" and "Kinetic Molecular Theory" respectively. It will use extremely low and extremely high temperature so that the audience can evaluate the significant difference on the balloon size. The students shall be competent in presenting a laboratory experiment because it is one way to get involve in the lessons taught in school

dissolved in a litre of sterile distilled water on the hot plate. 2. pH of the solution was adjusted to 5.6 ± 0.2 by adding NaOH or HCl and was immediately transferred into the Schott bottle to be autoclaved at 121 ° C for 15 minutes 3. Prepared medium was stored in 4° C chiller Plate Count Agar or Total Plate Count 1. 22.5 g of plate count agar powder was dissolved in a litre of sterile distilled water on the hot plate 2. pH of the solution was adjusted to 7.0 ± 0.2 by adding NaOH or HCl

activated carbon is 1 pound of chlorine per pound of carbon at a flow rate of 3 to 5 gpm/cu.ft. and a bed depth of 3 feet. Chloramine removal by activated carbon is a much slower reaction. The predominant species of chloramine in city water supplies (pH about 7 to 8) is monochloramine. The reaction with activated carbon and monochloramine also renders a non-oxidative chloride ion. Since the rate of reaction is considerably slower, the flow rate should be 0.5 gpm/cu.ft. and the bed depth greater than

there is ( the more eutrophication -there is the more nutrients in the water- results in how much algae there will be.) We were also testing on the pH scale ( which measures the acidity or alkalinity of water ) goes from 0 - 14 where 6 - 0 is higher acidity and 8 - 14 is higher alkalinity ( alkalinity is what neutralizes/destroys acid. ) 7 on the pH scale is neutral and that is the ideal water for the ecosystem. The pollution that we were testing for is where the acid came from to begin with. Dissolved

Faiza Shareef OCEAN ACIDIFICATION The stuffing of carbon dioxide in our earth’s environment is mirrored by an increase in the amount of carbonic acid present in the oceans .The sea water absorbs carbon dioxide, the reaction occur and the pH of the sea water decreases the carbonate ion concentration in the water and the saturation states of the biologically important calcium carbonate minerals also reduces. These reactions are named as ocean acidification .The ocean is found associated

Catalase and Temperature Introduction Background: Enzymes are catalysts which help reactions inside of organisms such as cells. Many different types of enzymes are used to catalyze different types of reactions. Enzymes are able to catalyze reactions that normally wouldn’t be possible under the specific circumstances in the cell such as the pressure or temperature of the cell. The way an enzyme works is it binds with the active site of a substrate and creates an enzyme substrate complex. The enzyme

KINETICS OF MULTISUBSTRATE REACTIONS Introduction Enzyme kinetics is the study of rate of biochemical reactions that are catalyzed by enzymes. In enzyme kinetics, the reaction rate is measured and the their effect is measured or investigated. Studying an enzyme kinetics in this way we can check the catalytic activity of enzyme, its major role in metabolism, and how its activity is determined. Enzymes are protein in nature and binds to substrates. These substrate molecules bind to active site of

determine some of the enzyme 's properties. The enzyme found in different conditions which its specific reaction rate. Variation in enzyme concentration, variation in pH, variation in temperature, and the effect of different concentrations of inhibitors were all tested. The enzyme concentration increased the reaction rate. An optimum pH and temperature were found for the enzyme, outside of this optimum the reaction rate would be lower. The correct name is the catalase enzyme. The EC number is: EC 1

Ali Atwi : Internal assesment – calculating of the concentration of ethanoic acid in vinegar AIM : To calculate the concentration of ethanoic acid CH3COOH in vinegar using stoichiometric equations, ( Yamaha brand ) Introduction : I personally like to add a little bit of vinegar on my food because it makes it taste better, yet I know that vinegar contains acid, and I also know the consequences of highly concentrated acid intake, like severe itching and stomach ache, vomiting. Venigar contains

What will be the effects of varying temperatures of hydrogen peroxide on the speed of the chemical reaction that occurs by the catalase enzyme within hydrogen peroxide? If the temperature of the hydrogen peroxide is increased to 40° or more the catalase enzymes reaction speed (time it will take for the filter paper to float to the hydrogen peroxides surface in the test tube) will drastically decrease and ultimately the enzyme will become less effective. Independent. The temperature of the hydrogen

again for 2 min at maximum speed and then the supernatant was discarded. After that the pellet was suspended in the residual fluid and vortexed to suspend evenly. 200 µl of lysis buffer (2 % Triton X-100, 1% SDS, 100 mM NaCl, 10 mM Tris-HCl), 1mM EDTA, pH 8.0 and 0.2 g of glass beads were added to each Eppendorf tube. Then 200 µl of the solution phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1) was added to the tubes under the fume hood and tubes were placed on rotator and left to mix for 3 min. 200 µl of

Verna Wang Hannah Palmer CHEM 101-069 Lab 11-19-16 Stoichiometry and Limiting Reagents Lab Report Purpose: We are using the reaction of sodium hydroxide and calcium chloride to illustrate stoichiometry by demonstrating proportions needed to cause a reaction to take place. Background: Just like a recipe would call for a specific amount of one ingredient to a specific amount of another, stoichiometry is the same exact method for calculating moles in a chemical reaction. Sometimes, we may not have

The saltwater hot tub are less-known than the chlorinated hot tubs and this is why many people wonder about the advantages and disadvantages of using such hot tubs. The two types of hot tubs are very similar, the only difference between them being the method of sanitation. While the traditional hot tub uses chlorine in order to sanitize the tub, the saltwater tub uses salt which is usually found in the form of sodium chloride or sodium bromide. Furthermore, a generator converts the salt into pure

Objective: The purpose of this experiment is to test various temperatures beet have on cell membrane and to investigate how beets will secrete red pigments. As the temperature increases in the cell membrane more dye will be release from the beet. As it expands, kinetic energy will accelerate up the distribution of red pigment to a point where it will damage the cell and the denature of proteins will increase where the dye will be free. Background: In this experiment, beets will be a replica to explore