Phenols Essays

agitation time and feed concentration on percentage removal of phenol batch experiments were carried out at room temperature in the range of 100 to 700 mg/l of initial feed concentration and the results are shown in Fig. 2.Experimental conditions used were agitation speed of 200rpm, biosorbent dosage 0.15 g and pH 7.From figure it is observed that with increase in agitation time from 0 to 2 days, the percentage removal increased from 8% to 98%.Phenol adsorption from bulk liquid to biosorbent is high when

The results of the phenol-sulfuric acid analysis conducted in this experiment suggest that the data acquired was relatively precise but inaccurate with respect to the given carbohydrate concentrations of the soda and Gatorade samples. Using a standard curve generated from a glucose solution with a known concentration, the carbohydrate concentration of the samples was determined (in terms of glucose) and a low coefficient of variation was calculated. However, a high percent relative error was apparent

In this experiment, we tested our hypothesis through the use of Elodea leaves and phenol red. Phenol red is an indicator that shows whether carbon dioxide is being consumed or produced. We also used 4 test tubes, phenol red, straw, pipette, aluminum foil, light, and a timer. We began this experiment by filling four beakers with phenol red. We labeled the tubes 1, 2, 3, and 4. We used a straw and blew into tubes 1 and 2 until it turned yellow, which indicates a lower pH and a higher carbon dioxide

Introduction In this report, an unknown concentration of phenol red and the pKa of an acid were determined. The unknown concentration of the phenol red was determined by using Beer’s Law (A=εbc). According to Beer’s law, the absorbance of a compound is proportional to its concentration. The absorbance of several standard solutions were measured by a spectrometer, and these results supported Beer’s Law. The pKa of an acid was determined by the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation (pH= pKa+ log ([A-]/[HA])

produce acid. The change in colour from phenol red to yellow indicate the acid production. When the colour change from phenol red to yellow that is referred as positive test of sucrose fermentation. When colour changed to pink or did not changed at all, that is referred as negative test of sucrose fermentation. The production of gas by the organisms is showed by the presence of air bubble in the tube. If there is no air bubble then no gas is produced. The phenol red sucrose broth is utilized to identify

a teaspoon of calcium chloride, put the calcium chloride in one corner of the bag. Then take about a half teaspoon of sodium bicarbonate and put it in the opposite corner of the bag. Then lay the bag flat on the table use about 5 mL of phenol red. Once the phenol red is in quickly lift your bag and put all the substances in one corner. Then observe 2.Reference procedure one for first step.Lay bag down and add about 5mL of water into the bag. Then quickly lift the bag and put substances in corner

what chemical must be present for a color change. The hypothesis that was provided to this question was If Phenol Red is add with the other chemicals then a color change will occur. Methods: To begin the lab 40 mL of Phenol red were obtained in a beaker, and 40 mL of water were obtained in a separate beaker. Next one plastic baggie was

plate; non-polar spots are higher than polar ones. After spots on the TLC form, the Rf values are calculated and used to analyze the similarity of the compounds. Results 8. The obtained product was 4-tert-butylbenzyl phenol ether. This leads the unknown compound # 51 to be tert-butyl phenol. 9. Theoretical yield = (150.22g/mol)(3.5 x 10^-3 mol of nucleophile) = 0.525 g Actual yield = 0.441 g, Percent Yield = (0.441g/0.525g) x 100% = 84% 10. Percent recovery from recrystallization = (0.172g/0.441g) x

5% ferric chloride and its effect on seven different compounds.1 The results showed that 2.5% ferric chloride had a visible chemical reaction with compounds containing a phenol functional group. The chemical reaction was noted via a color change from a dark yellow to different shades of blue/purple. Therefore, the presence of phenol was only

part of the experiment, students will use observation to study the cause and effect of four different chemicals brought together and changed occurring. The four chemicals closely looked at are Calcium Chloride (CaCl2), Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3), Phenol Red Solution, and Deionized Water (H2O). The chemical changes students will mainly look for is if there is a change of color, heat and/or light generated, gas produced and precipitate formation. Applying these principles in a practical manner are

The objective of this lab was to determine the activating strengths of the directing groups in aniline, phenol, acetanilide and anisole by using melting point to identify the products of their electrophilic aromatic bromination reactions with pyridinium tribromide in glacial acetic acid. The amount of substitution in an aromatic compound in a electrophilic aromatic bromination reaction is dependent upon the reactivity of the aromatic compound itself, which is determined by its substituents’ inductive

formula helps remove cracked and peeling skin, and allow soothing and healing dry lip, and the menthol and camphor ingredients provide cool and refreshing tingle. The natural lip balm formula based on four main raw materials, which are Salicylic Acid, Phenol, Menthol and Camphor. Regarding to those four material, they are considered as hazardous materials, which are Eco-toxicity to human and to our environment. For the acquisition of those four raw materials, the

the alcohol derivative of the substrate2, 3. A kinetic assay is performed using the substrate P-Nitro phenol-phosphate for the synthesis of its product P-Nitro phenol that is phosphate-free and highly colored. Therefore this provides the possibility of carrying a spectrophotometric enzymatic assay. When alkaline phosphatase (enzyme) acts in p-nitro phenol phosphate (substrate), it forms p-nitro phenol (product), which is a yellow solution that has a high molar absorptivity at 400 nm. The concentration

When an aromatic compound such as phenol undergoes nitration, it does so through an Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS). Undergoing this reaction requires two steps. The first step is the addition of the electrophile, which in this lab was the Nitronium ion formed by the dilute nitric acid solution. This is the rate determining step for this reaction, as during this step aromaticity is lost and the arenium ion is formed. The position of the electrophile to be added is determined by how well

2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol from phenol, sodium nitrate, and sodium nitrite, as well as to use column chromatography to isolate the two products from one another and the byproduct 1,4-benzoquinone. The reaction was monitored by Thin Layer Chromatography to track the progress if the refluxed reaction. Column chromatography was used as a very effective technique for separation as both solids and liquids can be separated by column chromatography. The two nitro phenol products were compared using melting

reaction such as phenols. Phenols were suspected of its toxicity and can cause potential harm to human body. Thus, it would be better to eliminate as much phenols as possible. 20 g of e-caprolactone was drawn and used as a starting monomer for the polymerisation. Hence ideally the amount of yield should be equivalent. As seen in Table 6, precipitation was performed twice for PCL 3000. Yield obtained after the first precipitation was 23.10 g. It was believed that there were an excess of phenols that were

the benzene ring of a phenol. The process uses a base carbon dioxide and acid work-up. The original reaction done by Kolbe involved the formation of sodium phenoxide through the evaporation of a molar equivalent mixture of phenol and aqueous sodium hydroxide. The hygroscopic sodium phenoxide is then heated while carbon dioxide gas is passed over the molten salt. The mixture is then further heated to give the dianion of salicylic acid along with carbon dioxide and phenol both of which distill

unknown mixture through diverse experimental techniques such as recrystallization, extraction, melting point, and acid-base reactions. From this, the group to which these two compounds belong to had to be determined. These groups are: Carboxylic Acids, phenols, and neutrals. By determining the melting points of the two unknown compounds, these values were compared to the values of melting points in the chart and the proper compound was selected. For the case of this experiment, the unknown mixture contained

FROM Arabidopsis LEAVES (using TRIzol) The method of RNA extraction using TRIzol is beneficial where it is impractical to separate cytoplasmic RNA from nuclear RNA, microRNAs or endogenous RNases.TRIzol (or TRI Reagent) is a monophasic solution of phenol/ guanidinium isothiocyanate and solubilises biological material while simultaneously denaturing the protein.(Donald C. Rio et al) SAMPLE PREPARATION(Homogenisation, disruption)/RNA PRECIPITATION* The samples(watered-control,drought stressed-target)

Also, due to the fact that carboxyilic acids had a lower pKa than the phenols, means that the extraction using NaHCO3 will only ionize a carboxylic acid since they easily donate a proton. Similarly, when extracted using NaOH the aqueous phase will contain the deprotonated phenols as they are weaker acids and require a stronger base. However, if the mixture contains a non-ionizable organic compound, it will not be ionized and