Plasmid Essays

occurs within plasmids, which are closed circular molecules made up of double stranded DNA. The function of the plasmid is to provide bacteria with genetic advantages such as antibiotic resistance. In this lab, the plasmids provided the ampicillin resistance and the fluorescence. If the bacterial cells are grown in the presence of the antibiotic ampicillin then only the cells that took up the plasmid have the resistance gene. As a result the resistance gene will have to keep the plasmid and the GFP

virus that infect bacteria or a plasmid, which is a circular piece of DNA that exist and

n this lab, there were four objectives needed to be met. The first one was to perform a genetic transformation procedure, the second was to move genes from one organism to another using a plasmid as a vector, and the third was to manipulate tools of biotechnology. The bacteria E. coli was used to manipulate and transform. The E. coli would be tested for ampicillin resistance and a green fluorescent glow. One hypothesis made for this lab was that the bacteria that developed a resistance to ampicillin

DNA is inserted into the bacteria's original DNA to alter the genome for a certain outcome. This is usually done by using a plasmid to transfer and incorporate the foreign DNA into the original genome. First, bacterial cells are centrifuged to make a pellet. Then they are shocked with a calcium chloride solution that changes the charge on the cell membrane so that the plasmid DNA may be accepted into the cell. This solution must be chilled so that the cell membrane may heal. After incubating the bacterial

Based off the data that was collected, it is safe to say that if the dish contained the pGLO plasmid, the E. Coli growed. If there was no pGLO in the dish, then the only way E. Coli could grow is if it did not contain ampicillin which is the antibiotic. The only way that the E. Coli could grow is if the dish contained ampicillin and arabinose. Since arabinose is essentially and key that turns on the fluorescent glowing, it is essential to have in order to make the bacteria glow. Since no pGLO was

Bacterial transformation is a technique widely practiced by scientists for research purposes. This experiment explored the transformation of E. coli cultures with pGLO plasmids to allow the bacterial cells to express a foreign protein and emit a fluorescent glow under UV light. The transformation was completed through the heat shock method. Both transformed and untransformed E. coli cultures were grown in four mediums. The four mediums were made of different combinations of the LB nutrient broth

glow. The plate with the plasmid (+pGLO)/LB/amp/ara was the one we said would grow and glow because it contained all the necessary tools to do so. The plate that grew and glowed included the plasmid with the green fluorescent protein (GFP), to make it glow. It also included the resistance gene to ampicillin, as well as the Luria Bertani broth to make the bacteria grow by feeding it, and lastly the arabinose which is in charge of turning on the

too much contamination. The first step in starting the transformation is to add the transformation solution into the +pGLO and -pGLO test tubes. After this is done, you put both tubes in ice and then put bacteria in both tubes. Then, put the pGLO plasmid in the +pGLO test tube but not the -pGLO. Place both of the tubes back in the ice. While the tubes are in the ice, label 4 agar plates: +pGLO LB/amp, +pGLO LB/amp/ara,

Transfection: One of the methods of gene transfer where the genetic material is deliberately introduced into the animal cell in view of studying various functions of proteins and the gene. This mode of gene transfer involves creation of pores on the cell membrane enabling the cell to receive the foreign genetic material. Transfection can be carried out using calcium phosphate (i.e. tricalcium phosphate), by electroporation, by cell squeezing or by mixing a cationic lipid with the material to produce

restriction map for the unknown plasmid A. The plasmid A was digested with enzymes BAMH1, PstI, and ScaI and then the resulting fragments were run through an agarose gel via electrophoresis. From the gel electrophoresis and deriving an equation by plotting the log of the size of the DNA size markers and distance migrated, a restriction map was constructed. The restriction map showed that the plasmid has only one ScaI site, which supports that vector PRSETB, is present in the plasmid. From the gel electrophoresis

experiment, genetic transformation was successfully carried out. After observing the agar plates, it was found that only the plate with ampicillin and no pGLO plasmid did not grow any of the E.coli bacteria. All three of the other plates grew the E.coli bacteria, however it grew differently in each plate. In the control plate where the pGLO plasmid, ampicillin, and arabinose were not present, the bacteria grew in the pattern that it was spread in originally. In the two other plates, bacteria grew in colonies

inserting a gene into an Escherichia coli bacteria with the help of a plasmid. Escherichia coli bacteria also known as E. coli, is a bacterium that is rod shaped and contains flagella to help it move. The bacterial DNA is circular inside of an E. coli bacterium. E coli. is most known for being found in the intestine of humans and animals but it can also be found in other places such as food

In this lab, genes for a fluorescent green protein (GFP) and antibacterial resistance (ARG) were inserted into E. coli bacteria. E. coli bacteria was resuspended in an ice-cold CaCl2 solution. DNA containing GFP and ARG was added to half of the cells before they were “heat shocked” in an ice bath and hot water. The heat shocking made the bacteria’s cell membrane more porous, so the DNA could enter. Recovery broth was added to the cell suspension, and the bacteria was placed in warm water for about

used a procedure called heat shock, accompanied by a bacterial plasmid vector, to transform bacteria with a gene that codes for GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein). A vector is an agent “employed to transfer the gene from one organism to another” (Lab manual). Two common vectors are phages and plasmids. Phages are viruses that infect bacteria. Plasmids are “small circular pieces of DNA found within bacteria cells” (Lab manual). Plasmids “often contain genes for traits that are beneficial to the bacteria

illustration is to consider this as a version of bacterial sex. In conjugation the two bacterial cells connect, and the male donates a piece of DNA to the female. The piece of DNA was excised from a bacterial chromosome. The pieces are called plasmids. Plasmids are like viruses in that they pass out of one cell and into another, but they have no protein coat or "life cycle" differing from that of their host cell. Transduction: In transduction, a virus takes a piece of DNA from the bacterial

Introduction The practicum has been developed in RIKEN Centre of Developmental Biology in Kobe, in the laboratory of Axial Pattern Dynamics under the supervision of Inomata-sensei and Matsukawa-san. In the laboratory they try to artificially regulate the gradient shape, they can control morphogen-dependent pattern formation. In general, the shape of a gradient is defined by three factors; synthesis, diffusion, and degradation of morphogen. So, they attempt to spatiotemporally regulate the gradient

Genetic engineering is changing the DNA code to express different traits. A plasmid is a circular piece of DNA that contains important genetic information. Recombinant DNA is the product after inserting your desired genes. The genes we hoped to insert in the pGLO lab were the GFP gene and the ampicillin resistance gene. GFP was needed so that we would tell if the ampicillin resistance gene had been properly placed when the bacteria glowed under a UV light. The purpose of this lab was to perform a

Abstract The transformation principle suggests that bacteria use DNA as their genetic material and are able to exchange their genetic material via a process of transformation. Griffith had theorised the concept of the transformation principle using two strains of bacteria and studied their ability to recombine. Avery and MacLeod followed his studies and suggested DNA was sensitive to DNase, and that the enzyme would destroy the bacteria's ability to exchange genetic material and transform into a

2. You have been asked to set up a dilution series, and then use spread plates to determine the viable cell count. Why is it necessary to use a dilution series when isolating bacteria from a biological sample using spread plating? [5 MARKS] It is vital to use a dilution series to reduce the concentration of the original biological sample so it is easier to count the number of isolated colonies which are present on the spread plate. The diluted samples will have a workable number of colonies on

Counting the bacteria means determining the number of bacteria in a specific sample. There are many ways that we can use to count the microorganisms, one of which is the plate count. The plate count technique is used to count only the living bacteria by counting the number of colonies.Due to the large number of bacteria, and to be able to count it, the bacteria should be diluted several times and spread on an agar plate. In this way, colonies can be counted. These colonies are called colony forming