Platelet Essays

vascular platelet phase, activation of the coagulation cascade and the activation of a control mechanism. Mostly, the system is triggered by a damaged blood vessel. After vascular injury, rapid vasoconstriction will serve to reduce blood flow. At the same time, von Willebrand factor (vWf) will act as a bridge between endothelial collagen and platelet surface receptor glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) which will promote platelet adhesion (Green, 2006). After platelet adhesion, degranulation from the platelet granules

which the flow of blood to the area of injury is limited and Factor VII is activated. 2. Second Phase: Platelets become activated by thrombin and aggregate at the site of injury forming a temporary, loose platelet plug. Platelets clump by binding to collagen that becomes exposed following rupture of the endothelial lining of vessels. Upon activation, platelets release the nucleotide, additional platelets, and proteins (comprising Factor Xa and co-factors bound

have a normal number of platelets in the blood. Blood is made up of three major cell types: red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body; white blood cells, which help fight infection; and, platelets, which stick together at the site of a cut or wound to form a clot to stop the bleeding. People who have thrombocytopenia don’t have enough platelets to form a blood clot, and so they may bleed excessively when they are cut. (nhlbi.nih.gov, 2013) Blood cells and platelets are made in the bone

Purpura (ITP). This is a sickness in which you have low platelets. Platelets are in you blood and they help your body heal. However, your immune system sees platelets as a virus. It fights them

cholesterol levels. As the cholesterol levels increase, the monocytes begin to attach onto the endothelium, where they are transformed into macrophages. These macrophages begin to oxidize the LDL and they become toxic to the endothelium which leads to platelet adhesion and aggregation and fibrin deposition. The macrophages begin to ingest the oxidized LDLs transforming them into foam cells, which begins the formation of the lipid core of unstable plaques. Damage to the vessel wall causes macrophages,

I. Introduction of EB problem to be researched The topic of choice is urinary catheters. Many patients have or will have catheters in their hospital stay or in their lifetime. Catheters come in a variety of different types of shapes and tips. A one-way catheter also known as a “straight cath” is a quick way to get urine out of the bladder for clean collection or to just remove urine. The one-way catheter does not have a balloon at the tip, therefore, it does not remain in the patient. The two-way

Predation in the field This study confirms that invasive red king crab fed on both capelin eggs and capelin off the coast of Finnmark, Norway. Capelin was found in 81.6% and 21.7% of the analysed red king crab stomachs in 2005 and 2006, respectively, while capelin eggs were found in 23.2% and 10.0% of crabs in 2005 and 2006, respectively. These results are in accordance with a previous study where 19% of the analysed red king crab stomachs were reported to contain capelin eggs (Anisimova et al. 2005)

Adversity is defined as a condition marked by misfortune, calamity, or distress (Adversity, 2018). My family has played tremendous roles when I have been hit with obstacles in my life. in who I have become as a person. During these trials, I have learned to adapt the philosophy of “what doesn’t kill you, makes you stronger” by Friedrich Nietzsche. (The Telegraph) Friedrich Nietzsche was a “German classical scholar, philosopher, and critic of culture, who became one of the most influential of all

Hemophilia and its impact on our society 1Hemophilia is a rare inherited bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot normally. Hemophiliacs do not bleed more extensively or even more quickly than other people, but they do bleed for a longer time after an injury or a surgery. Bleeding may oc-cur internally especially in the knees, ankles, elbows and into tissues and muscles. If it is left untreated then the internal bleeding into joints and muscles will cause agonizing pain and severe crippling

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) or phospholipid, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phospholipid activator and mediator of leukocyte functions that has many physiological actions. It was discovered and many studies have been done to characterize its messenger functions as a phospholipid.1 PAF is produced by many different cell types such as leukocytes, platelets, mast cells and vascular endothelial cells. PAF amplifies inflammatory responses by promoting leukocyte activation and

Introduction Platelet play a major role in hemostasis together with intact clotting factors , so the patients with impaired hematopoiesis and with variety of disorder in platelets numbers and function has to provided life - saving supportive therapy as platelets transfusion .one of the duty as medical laboratory is to make the platelet available to patients by two different method as this topic will cover it ,one called apheresis (plateletpheresis) and the other is isolation of the platelet from a

enzymes, activators, inhibitors, platelets, neutrophils, and endothelial cells, which is dependent on a delicate balance among several systems. work together when the blood vessel endothelial cells is injured by mechanical trauma, physical

Bernard-Soulier syndrome is an inherited platelet disorder caused by a defect in a gene responsible for a receptor that aids platelets in adhering to the lining of injured blood vessels. This disorder is characterized by thrombocytopenia and large nonfunctional platelets (Pham,2007). Patients often present initially with bleeding symptoms such as purpua, epistaxis, ecchymosis, bleeding of the gums, and menorrhagia (Lanza,2006). Diagnosis is further confirmed by platelet aggregation studies and flow cytometry

Haemostasis is a physiological process of blood clotting and dissolution of the clot, followed by the repair of injured tissue. It results from interplay of vascular endothelium, platelets, coagulation factors, anti-coagulation mechanisms and fibrinolytic system. The fluidity of blood in the absence of injury is maintained by the balance between pro-coagulant pathway, and the mechanisms that inhibit the pro-coagulant pathway. Imbalance between the two mechanisms, for example during clinical illnesses

What is thrombocytemia and thrombocytosis? The word breakdown of each word is as follows thrombocytemia - thromb/o - platelet, cyt/o - cell, suffix -emia - condition of the blood; and thrombocytosis - thromb/o- platelet, cyt/o - cell, suffix -osis - abnormal condition. Both mean that there is an abnormal amount of platelets in the blood. Platelets assist in the clotting process. How is thrombocytemia diagnosed? You will still see your regular doctor and may also have to see a specialist. The specialist

by doctors or medical professionals to get information about different parts of your blood cells and check if they remain within the normal range. Generally, blood is divided into red blood cell (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets. The main areas of interest in complete blood count to detect whether there is a decrease in the normal count or if the patients have a certain disease which in turn are useful to know as they affect the body’s normal homeostasis. 2. Reasons for

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a case of uncontrolled activation of proteins that are involved in the clotting process such as thrombin, fibrinolytic proteins, platelets, and coagulation factors. DIC occurs due to inflammation, trauma, infection, and shock. The presence of mucocutaneous bleeding is an evidence of DIC. Disseminated intravascular coagulation has acute and chronic phases. In acute phase, a patient will have severe symptoms

bone marrow to create too many red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets.” Normally, the bone marrow would make immature blood cells, or blood stem cells, that would develop into a myeloid or lymphoid stem cell. The lymphoid cell would develop into a white blood cell, and the myeloid cell would develop into either a red blood cell, platelet, or a white blood cell. The white blood cells fight disease and infection, the platelets clot the blood, and the red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the

THROMBOSIS When a blood vessel is injured, the cells of your blood bond together to form a blood clot. The blood clot helps you stop bleeding. Blood clots are made of a combination of blood cells, platelets (small sticky cells that speed up the clot-making process), and fibrin (protein that forms a thread-like mesh to trap cells). Doctors call this kind of blood clot a “thrombus.” Blood clots are good when they help seal a cut to stop bleeding. But sometimes, a blood clot can form when it is not

Introduction Thrombocytosis is when you have too many platelets (thrombocytes) in your blood. Platelets are parts of blood that stick together and form a clot (thrombus) to help your body stop bleeding. Some conditions that cause inflammation, such as cancer, may trigger your body to make more platelets than normal. There are two types of thrombocytosis. Primary or essential thrombocytosis happens when abnormal cells in the bone marrow make too many platelets. Reactive thrombocytosis happens when a condition