Reagents for organic chemistry Essays

Kolbe-Schmitt Reaction Kira Wall (CHE433) 12-3-14 The Kolbe-Schmitt reaction is named after Hermann Kolbe and Rudolf Schmitt. Schmitt published his research in the Journal fur Pracktische Chemie in 1885 while Kolbe published his research in the Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie in 1860. The reaction adds a carboxyl group onto the benzene ring of a phenol. The process uses a base carbon dioxide and acid work-up. The original reaction done by Kolbe involved the formation of sodium phenoxide

Grignard is a reaction that is crucial to forming the new carbon-carbon bond. This is a two-part lab that teaches new techniques; the purpose of this lab is to introduce realistic organic synthesis and apply acid workup to produce triphenylmethanol. A Grignard reaction is characterized by the addition of a magnesium halide (an organomagnesium halide) to an aldehyde or a ketone in order to form a secondary or tertiary alcohol. These reactions are helpful because they serve as a crucial tool in performing

Samarium (II) Iodide A single electron transfer reagent useful for organic synthesis. A look into samarium (II) Iodide (Sml2), a powerful single electron donor which plays a vital role in the chemoselective reduction of certain functional groups and carbon-carbon bond formations. Cathal McKenna Student Number: 11322441 10/6/2014   Introduction Samarium (II) Iodide has emerged in recent times as a very useful reagent in organic synthesis. The compound was first used by Kagan and his researchers

I first met my friend in Calculus 2 in my sophomore year. His major was biochemistry, just like mine, so we ended up taking other classes together. In General Chemistry 2 lab, we were lab partners. We helped each other out on the long and tedious process of writing lab reports. The Organic Chemistry 1 lab was a little better, but still long with many failures and repeats of experiments. Despite the struggles, we had fun in the lab too, like in the experiment where we had to extract the fragrance

Somalie Prak LIBS 4960 Dr. Katie Olivant Chemistry Chemistry is a study of fundamentals of inorganic chemistry. This course is designed to provide you with basic understanding of chemistry and prepare you for more advanced chemistry courses. One concept that I learned in this course was the Atomic Theory. This theory suggests that all matter is made up of tiny indivisible particles that are called atoms. Atoms can be defined as the basic unit of a chemical element or the basic building blocks of

Chemistry Exploration Topic: determining the activation energy of a chemical reaction Research Question: What effect does temperature of the chemical reaction have on the activation energy ? ICT: Microsoft Word Autograph Microsoft Excel Introduction This experiment is designed to help in estimating the activation energy of the rate-limiting step in the acid catalyzed reaction of acetone with iodine. This is achieved by measuring the reaction rates at different reaction temperatures over

Lab Report 10: Nitration of Bromobenzene Raekwon Filmore CM 244 Section 40 March 27, 2018 Introduction: For this experiment, nitration of bromobenzene was the focus of the lab. The benzene is an aromatic compound and when it reacts with wither a mixture of sulfuric acid or nitric acid creates what is known as a nitro group. The formation of the nitro group is possible because it is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The creation of the nitronium ion is shown below: The reaction

Dr. Condeiu’s presentation on synthetic organic chemistry was a rewarding experience because he touched on some very important concepts. Not only did he mention many of the things discussed in class in terms of real world examples, but he also brought a human face to being a synthetic organic chemist, and also mentioned several examples of synthetic challenges he has personally faced. Dr. Condeiu showed some real life examples of themes we discussed in class. In particular, I found his example

In the talk, “Adventures in Organic Chemistry – Over Three Decades of Synthetic Organic Chemistry” presented by Dr. Chris Condeiu, he tried to relate the industry of organic chemistry to a students’ perspective. Three major points were drawn out through the talk. The first was the perspective of how capitalism drives the industry and the mechanism of doxycycline was formed. With an overview of his talk, the expectation was that a deeper understanding of how pharmaceutical drugs’ mechanisms are formed;

History of Glyphosate Commercial Use Glyphosate is a white crystal-like powder with the chemical formula of C3H8NO5P. Several researchers confirmed that glyphosate was synthesized in 1950 by Henri Martin who was working for a pharmaceutical company at that time (Alibhai and Stallings, 2001; American Chemical Society, 2010; Dill et al., 2010). In a separate research work conducted by the Monsanto Company, the chemists were able to discover two glyphosate-related chemicals that have weak herbicidal

In the main quadrangle, I struck up a conversation with a UChicago student. When I asked him what he was majoring in, he said with a completely straight face, “Religious Studies and Astrophysics”. While other institutions might satisfy one of my interests, UChicago can satiate them all. I’ve always been curious, which unquestionably translated into a love for discovery. Instead of wanting dolls for my birthdays, I asked for Legos or 1000-piece jigsaw puzzles. Walking through Best Buy, I’ve always

Hi Dad How is it going? My first semester at the University of Michigan is very exciting. One of my favorite classes is the organic chemistry lab. It is completely different from the typical Orgo lab that you took at college. The instructors are trying to teach us the applications of chemistry in real life. Indeed, we, as students, are even creating our own experiment and testing our own hypothesis. This week, my group’s experimental goal was to convert an inactive prodruge to an active drug. You

During my junior year of high school I was taught general chemistry for the first time. My interest for molecules, compounds, and their bonds spurred through my involvement in Chemistry and Biology. After completing these courses my motivation to pursue a career in Chemistry increased. Thus my decision became certain, and I applied to University under the Science Department. In addition to the course that awakened my interest, I sought to involve myself in volunteer opportunities, one of which involved

Organic chemistry II Experiment 3: chromic acid oxidation reaction Introduction: Camphor is very compact and its molecular structure is symmetrical which gives it the property to change directly from a solid to vapour when heated. Therefore, camphor can easily be purified by sublimation technique. Sublimation is a phase change in which a solid phase passes directly into the vapour without going through an intermediate liquid phase. Solids which have vapour pressure below melting points can be purified

triphenylmethanol by preparing and performing the Grignard reaction followed by an acid workup step. The two-week process combined various techniques used in lab this semester thus far with some new techniques; the first week involved making the Grignard reagent and its reaction with Benzophenone, while the second week consisted of hydrolysis as well as extraction and purification of the product through recrystallization. The solid product was also characterized through melting point and infrared spectroscopy

experiment was to synthesize a Grignard reagent with 1-bromobutane and homogenized magnesium in anhydrous diethyl ether. This solution was refluxed in a flask connected to condenser and drying tube. As seen in the mechanism, maintaining a dry condition is important to avoid the Grignard reagent from attacking water, which will result in loss of the bromine. It is important to reduce the amount of moisture and water vapors to avoid destroying the Grignard reagent, which is essential to the synthesis

Abstract: In this experiment, triphenylmethanol was synthesized in two steps. First, the bromobenzene was reacted with dry magnesium turnings to produce Grignard reagent. Second, the Grignard reagent was reacted with methyl benzoate and concentrated sulfuric acid to produce an alcohol. The end result of the experiment was not very successful because only 17% yield of final product triphenylmethanol was recovered, and the final product was impure based on the melting point and the IR spectrum results

react with the sodium bromide and combine with the sodium ion producing hydro-bromic acid. Later, when the flask is heated the bromide ion will be able to combine with the four carbon chain of the 1-butanol. During the process of this reaction the reagents were kept cool in an ice bath to avoid the possible evaporation of any of the solution. Distillation took place until no more drops of product were dripping from the distillation head. The first drop of distillate occurred

Reacting specific alkyl and aryl halides with magnesium metal will result an in organomagneisum compound known as a Grignard reagent (RMgX) (Ketcha, 155). To properly create a Grignard reagent, a few rules must be follow. First, aliphatic Grignard reagents are prepared by alkyl iodides, bromides and chlorides (Ketcha, 155). Aryl and vinylic Grignard reagents are prepared normally with iodides and bromides (Ketcha, 155). Second, “anhydrous, inert and basic (polar aprotic) solvent such as diethyl ether

One of the most used methods for the formation of six-membered rings is using the reactions of 1,3-diene with an alkene. The Diels-Alder reaction is a unique reaction in organic chemistry because it is a cycloaddition reaction. The Diels-Alder reactions are also known as 1,4 addition reactions due to the formation of new carbon-carbon σ bonds and π bonds. Electron-withdrawing groups like cyano (C≡N) and carbonyl (C=O) to increase the reaction rates and reaction yields (1). Often times there are