Routing Essays

Interior Gateway Routing Protocol. It is important for networks to run smoothly for Quality of service purposes and IGRP helps to support this requirement of a network. As IGRP, “uses bandwidth to determine how to load balance.” Based on this theory IGRP can distribute packets across and prioritise when there is a faster available or a more suitable path should a link delay or fail due to the heavy amount of traffic which may be passing through the router. Link State 1. In link-state routing, routers do

5. METHODOLOGY 5.1 Secure Multipath Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks Till date many routing protocols have been proposed for wireless sensor networks, but only few of them consider the problem of security [4] and most of them are developed without any security concern. So in this section we focus at selected multipath routing protocols in order to cope with the various attacks. For avoiding intruders attacks in HWSN various methods and algorithms are implemented out of that Professor

INTRODUCTION This assignment is focused on Cisco. It talks about how this company manages technology and innovation. The history of the company is discussed. The company’s mission and strategies, innovative methodologies, acquisition tactics and integration plans are discussed at length. This case study highlights Cisco’s core values. It explains the efforts Cisco takes to be a successful company. A-1 According to, Making the Cisco Connection: The Story Behind the Real Internet Superpower ( By

requests from a source node to a set of destination nodes, it is always possible to provide connection path through the network to satisfy the connection request without any disturbance to the existing connections. If the path selection follows a routing algorithm to maintain nonblocking connecting capability, the network is said to be wide-sense nonblocking. In this paper, we study about wide-sense nonblocking multicast communication in wavelength reusable multi-carrier distributed (WRMD) wavelength

When deciding the server to be used for synchronizing its clock, a client should consider two main factors: 1. Reliability of the server The server should be highly reliable. It should be sending the correct time. Some servers may act as reliable servers and may send false information regarding clock in-order to attack the system or for other dubious activities. Some servers may be not consistent regarding clock. So such kind of servers should be avoided and consistent as well as reliable servers

VI. SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS In this section we explain our simulation framework for assessing the performance of our proposed QoS-based CR-WMSNs routing protocol. Afterwards we describe different simulation results representing the efficiency of the proposed QoS-based MAC protocol. A. Simulation Framework Our CR-WMSNs simulator has been developed based on OPNET [31]. Before discussing to the simulation results, we would like to have a glimpse of the assumptions and major parameters: 1)

The aim of SAR algorithm is to reduce average weighted QoS metric throughout network lifetime. Another wireless sensor network QoS routing protocol that ensures soft real-time end- to-end guarantees is SPEED that ensures avoidance of congestion during network congestion. Diff-MAC is a Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) based QoS-aware MAC protocol with

above the security concerns of infrastructure based wireless networks. In this paper I will the discuss the various types of MANETs, their uses, and the common security issues associated with each type. Having identified a common security problem in routing protocols of mobile ad-hoc

Capacitated Arc Routing Problem (CARP) is a classic combinatorial optimization problem which has a wide range of social applications [1], such as: winter snow removing routes [2], school bus scheduling planning [3], the check of gas pipeline [4] or oil pipelines [5], and the mail delivery planning [6] et al. CARP can be defined as: designing optimization of a path to make a minimum total consumption [7]. Specifically, we make a team start from the garage and serve for the prescribed task sides. Meanwhile

At the start of 10th grade I was faced with the challenge of figuring out what activities to start or continue with this year. I had been doing both fencing and robotics the previous year which worked great but then I came into a new school and was forced to decide between continuing with my favorite sport or my favorite activity. I could not change my fencing schedule since open bouting was only available at specific times and these are the exact times the build team met for robotics. I tried to

#include #include #include "utility/debug.h" #include "utility/socket.h" #include #include // These are the interrupt and control pins #define ADAFRUIT_CC3000_IRQ 3 // MUST be an interrupt pin! // These can be any two pins #define ADAFRUIT_CC3000_VBAT 5 #define ADAFRUIT_CC3000_CS 10 // Use hardware SPI for the remaining pins // On an UNO, SCK = 13, MISO = 12, and MOSI = 11 Adafruit_CC3000 cc3000 = Adafruit_CC3000(ADAFRUIT_CC3000_CS, ADAFRUIT_CC3000_IRQ, ADAFRUIT_CC3000_VBAT,

Assign. 3 Andrew McConnon 13349871 1. In terms of specification of the framing in relation to the classic Ethernet protocol, it is specified by IEEE 802.3-2012. The SFD (start frame delimiter) delimits an Ethernet frame. This happens by breaking bit patterns in the preamble and then marking the start of the Ethernet frame. Maximum payload size is 1500 octets. 2. The first six bytes of an Ethernet frame collaborate and design the destination address. The address of the destination shows the

Written Assignment. ……………………. MATH 1280 Unit 4. Period of: 22 February 2018 The University of the People (UoPeople), AY-2017-2018. Hello Peers, Readers, and Assessors of this Written Assignment Documentation (WAD) For this tough and plenty assignment, I will be using this WAD to present my solution in a systematic and demonstrative approach. As recommended by the given instruction, each problem (paraphrased) will be followed by their respective answers. Some of the solutions may be supported with

SOF – The single dominant start of frame bit marks the start of a message, and is used to synchronize the nodes on a bus after being idle. Identifier-The Standard CAN 11-bit identifier establishes the priority of the message. Lower the value of identifier, its priority will be higher. RTR – The single remote transmission request (RTR) bit is used by the sender to inform receivers of the frame type. If dominant bit (0) - data frame and if recessive bit (1) - Remote Fame. IDE – A dominant single identifier

Step 1: Create a cluster having N number of nodes using the formula Cm,k. For all m=0,1,2……N-1 K=1,2,……...logN Step2: Assume that all the nodes in the network can i nitiate the diagnosis and all the nodes are fault free at the initial stage of algorithm execution. Step 3: Start the Diagnosis process: Repeat for K=1 to log N Do Send i_hb( p, q , Dq, init_hb_msg) Set_Timeout (Tout) Step4: Find out response time and tested node response r_hb (q, p, D’q ,res_hb_msg) if Dq = D’q, // then

Homework 5 Chapter 5 Question P4. a.) Answer. Lets represent the decimal numbers into the binary first 1 = 0001 2 = 0010 3 = 0011 4 = 0100 5 = 0101 6 = 0110 7 = 0111 8 = 1000 9 = 1001 10 = 1010 Lets take 16 bits and calculate the check sum So we have, Checksum = 1’s complement of (0000000100000010 + 0000001100000100 + 0000010100000110 + 0000011100001000 + 0000100100001010) Checksum = 1’s complement of (00011001 00011110) Checksum = 11100110 11100001 b.) Answer. Lets represent the ascii values from

This block performs the flow table (hash table) lookup, updates the per port packet and byte counters and reads the corresponding actions. If the packet header does not match the corresponding hash table entries, then it is considered as a table miss and the packet is dropped. First, the structure of hash table and hashing function are described and then the functionality of exact match is described. The hash table is constructed using 512 deep and 64 bit wide block RAM (BRAM). The hash table can

node sharing data transmission through a more reliable usage of the routing scheme, for balancing the left node energy and enhance the survival time of the whole network. 3. Fault tolerance: Routing protocols should have fault tolerance. WSNs nodes are susceptible to failure, therefore, a protocol should make full usage of the network information which is simply retrieve by a node for calculating routes, so as to assure that the routing failure can be recovered as soon as possible; multi-path transmission

voice signal as well as the 10 digit ID routing number. This routing number alerts the carrier about the emergency call. Following this, it automatically decides the emergency call centre that would be most appropriate and assigns it the call. At the appropriately assigned emergency call center, the operator will receive your E911voice call and the computer will receive your unique 10 digit routing number. The computer database will use this 10 digit routing number to search for the location information

check on the number of duplicate packets generated due to the Flooding Routing technique? One way to keep a check on the number of duplicate packets is to place a counter in the header of the packet which decrements at each hop. When the counter reaches zero, the packet is discarded. Another method is to keep track of which packets have been flooded and avoid sending them out again. 2. Though Flooding is not a very efficient routing method, it still finds use in a number of applications. Name at least