Salmonella enterica Essays

Salmonella enterica is a bacterium that causes salmonellosis which is a type of food poisoning. There are two types of this bacterium: Typhimurium and Enteritidis. Salmonella Enteritidis is the most common type found in the United States. It is considered a gram negative and rod-shape bacteria. It mostly affects cattle, poultry, and domestic cats. Salmonella Typhimurium is a stereotype of Salmonella enterica. Salmonella Typhimurium was the most common cause of food poisoning until about twenty

Salmonella Enterica. (One of the bacteria most commonly associated with food poison) “Salmonella enterica” (ex Kauffmann & Edwards 1952, Le Minor & Popoff 1987) is a bacterium . Many bacteria are known for being in symbiosis (they are beneficial) within organism, fore example bacterium within the intestine helping in the digestion. On the other side, there is a large group of harmful bacteria that acts as pathogens; Salmonella belongs to the enterica group of bacteria (another well known bacteria

Introduction : The genus Salmonella belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae (bacteria living in the intestine) and consists of two species, Salmonella enterica and Salmonella bongori (CCFH June 2007). Over 2500 Salmonella enterica serotypes are recognized, and all are regarded as capable of producing disease in humans. Worldwide, salmonellosis is a leading cause of enteric infectious disease attributable to foods. Salmonella cause serious systemic or enteric diseases in animals and humans, Illnesses

strain Abstract: Of Approximately pure culture of salmonella. Typhi, representing 5 different temperatures with different time interval none was found to be as heat resistant, the strain is used more heat sensitive at above 55◦C temperature. Introduction: Salmonella are primary pathogens of many animals (e.g.; poultry, cows, pigs, reptiles, etc.) and are the principal source of the non-typhoidal salmonellosis in Humans. Human infections with salmonella are most commonly caused by ingestion of focally

The second most reported infection was Salmonella, consisting of 30% of outbreaks. Unfortunately, 1,184 (4%) resulted in hospitalization out off the 29,444 outbreak-related illnesses. It is very frightening that salmonella caused the most outbreak-related hospitalizations (49%), because people do not take this sickness as serious and highly into consideration as they should, especially when it comes to eating raw food such as cookie dough. Next, salmonella was followed by Shiga toxin-producing E

Background In the 1970s, several large US food processing companies like General Mills and Pillsbury decided to expand into restaurant business. The reason was that an alarming number of consumers were eating out rather than at home more often due to rising family incomes and increase of women in the workforce. National Mills, another food processing company, set up a subsidiary International Concepts Incorporated (ICI) in the year 1983. ICI was doing reasonably well and National Mills also encouraged

Health and Medicine From the early 1900s to now the process of food has changed significantly. Today, thankfully there is cures for food poisoning and scientist are doing research and finding more and more information about the situation. Upton Sinclair’s book, The Jungle, to thank for the most part because without his book, people would not have known about how their food is made and where is comes from. Even in today’s society, foods are being recalled. From Upton Sinclair’s book, the Government

(Carson, 2015). Salmonella enterica and Yersinia enterocolitica are both paracolons, which lack the ability to ferment lactose. Conversely, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli are both coliforms, which are able to ferment lactose. Of the Enterobacteriaceae family, there are genera that are in the normal human flora. Some species such as K. pneumoniae and E. coli are opportunistic pathogens which can capitalize on weakened host defenses and cause food poisoning (Baron, 1996). S. enterica secrete proteins

that a total of 37 outbreaks involving 3,485 persons have been affected due to food poisoning. Of the 10 pathogens tracked by FoodNet (a reporting system used by public health agencies in US), Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Shigella were found responsible formost cases of foodborne illnesses and Salmonella causes 31% of food related deaths. (R. V. Sudershan et al.

and enumerating Salmonella spp. in a food sample. 1.2 Hypothesis To achieve a negative results in food sample with the absence of Salmonella spp. 1.3 Introduction The genus Salmonella belong in the family of Enterobacteriaceae is a group of rod-shaped, Gram-negative, and facultative anaerobic bacteria, which grow with or without oxygen. It is also a non-spore forming and a motile or non-motile bacterium with exception of S.gallinarum and S.pullorum. The genus Salmonella consist of two species

The Marine Iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus ) is just one of the many endemic species native to the Galapagos Islands located 1,000km off the coast of Ecuador. The Marine Iguana has adapted over millions of years to become the world’s only marine lizard. These large, distinctive lizards inhabit all 13 of Galapagos’ larger islands (Kutschera and Kleinhans 2013, p.260) with some colonies living adjacent to the residing human population and masses of visiting tourists (Wheeler et al. 2012, p.57). Marine

Open marine waters are free from Salmonella but estuaries and contaminated coastal waters may harbor the pathogen. High incidence of Salmonella spp. in gills was reported by Prinyaka (2014). 16 % (5.92) of 37 yellowfin tuna examined by Jianadasa B.K.K.K. (2014) showed positive results which could have been the result of direct contact between contaminated water. Salmonella was also detected in significant numbers on cutting board, fish storage area and

fingerprints that can help us find the origin of certain fecal bacteria. There are a large number of high health significant bacteria that can be detected with fecal coliform indicators such as Escherichia coli (E. Coli), Shigella flexneri, Salmonella enterica, Vibrio cholerae, and Yersinia entercolitica (Brettar and Hӧfle, 2008). Because E. Coli is one of the most prevalent fecal coliforms, we used five different water samples to test for the bacteria’s presence (Whitlock et al., 2002). E. Coli is

the 2 main planners of the attack were: Sheela Silverman (Ma Anand Sheela) Rajneesh's chief lieutenant, and Diane Yvonne Onang (Ma Anand Puja), a nurse practitioner and secretary-treasurer of the Rajneesh Medical Corporation. They purchased the salmonella bacteria from a medical supply company in Seattle, Washington and their staff cultured it within the labs located inside the commune. Furthermore, these individuals were the ones who contaminated the produce at the salad bars as a trial run. The

ABSTRACT This paper scrutinises on the importance of agglutination reactions in clinical testing and diagnosis of various diseases. The ability of various antigens and antibodies to agglutinate when mixed in desired environment has been used as the basis to detect the presence of respective antigens in body. It focuses on importance of this method as it gives the results faster than various other methods and provides visible results. Diagnosis of various diseases can be done by this method provided

During Renaissance period, commercial activity extremely increase especially in the area of national and international trade. This expand the industry of banking to give more financial services for people that made it easier for the people to have their own business even they are far away from home. During Medieval ages, merchants have to walk thousands of kilometers and go through long distance trade routes to sell their rare and exotic goods to satisfy their customers’ needs and wants from far

production of essential nutrients or a gene to gain a new function (Dhar et al. 2014). However, gene amplification is not the only large genome change that can occur in organisms. Large-scale deletions can occur in the genome of certain bacteria. In Salmonella enterica, scientists found that more genome deletions occurred when the mismatch repair mechanism was mutated (Nilsson et al. 2005). Deleting parts of the genome can result in changes in the organism’s fitness (Nilsson et al. 2005). These two processes

Chapter I General Introduction A. Bacterial nucleoid Bacteria lacks nucleus and other membrane bound organelles. Hence all the cellular components, including proteins, DNA, RNA and other compounds are located within inside the cytosol. The region of the cell which encompasses the bacterial genomic DNA is termed ‘Nucleoid’. Nucleoid is composed largely of DNA and small amounts of proteins and RNA (Dillon and Dorman, 2010; Dorman, 2014a; Thanbichler et al., 2005). The genomic DNA is organized for