Spore Essays

When wheat or white bread is placed either in the freezer a dark cabinet, the counter, fridge or with a paper towel can mold still grow on the piece of bread? How much do you know about bread? Have you ever noticed that white bread molds faster than wheat bread? If you have you are very perceptive. When you think of bread what is your first thought? For some people it might be carbs, high cholesterol, and many other negative results. There are some positive and negative factors for eating bread

a photo of a Galilean telescope that was divided into two. It was looking simple and manufacturable. So I build one for myself. It wasn 't the best but it was enough for me then. And it only made me more curios. When I was 9 I found a game called Spore. The game starts as you being a

Cordyceps, the Zombie Spore The members of the Ophiocordyceps genus are a species of fungi that have evolved a very special means of spreading their reproductive spores. By exposing insects to the spores of Ophiocordyceps, the fungus infects brain tissue and can essentially take control of the insect’s body, making it a “zombie” that can further spread the spores. Specifically, the fungus spread in the insect’s body and presumably produce compounds that affect the insect’s brain, utilizing the evolutionary

represent the parental chromosomes. When spores resemble the parental chromosomes, they are called non-recombinants and they result from being unaffected by the crossover. Tetrad analysis can be used to determine the distance between two genes. When there are tetratypes in the data, one must use this equation (1/2T+NPD)/(Total Tetrads) x100 to find map distance. If there is no tetratypes in the data, then one must use map units=(recombinant spores)/(Total spores(recomb+non-recomb)) x100. These equations

those genes are inherited together. For the lab we used a fungus Sordaria fimicola, because this particular fungus produces spores that can be easily observed with tetrad analysis. Tetrad analysis is a method used for fungi to show linked relationships by evaluating the products from meiotic division. The asci of S. fimicola stay complete with tetrad analysis which makes the spores easily observed for genetic cross-over. This lab

of spore-producing plants as: • They have vascular tissues for the transportation of water and nutrients • They do not produce flowers or seeds and reproduce through spores and its sporophyte has rhizomes, stem, and leaves b) In as simple words as possible, describe the life cycle of a typical pteridophyte (fern). In ferns, the dominant generation is sporophyte. The sporophyte is photosynthetic and is separated from the gametophyte. The haploid spores are produced in a sporangium. Each spore divides

Gilliam (1997), reported that yeasts and molds are found naturally in the honey of honeybee. It is believed that microorganisms associated with bees are non-pathogenic. However, not all bees contain molds and the presence of molds are varied from colony to colony. Molds could contribute to the antimicrobial compound secretion to prevent stored food spoilage. They are also contributing to organic acids and other metabolites production (Gilliam et al., 1989; Gilliam, 1997). A terrific relationship

and use dehumidifiers to control relative humidity of building environment. 3. Inadequate Ventilation: Mold spores, hyphal and mycelial fragments get aerosolized and then float here and there through air current or any other conveyor. Places which are poorly ventilated, count high mold spore concentration which doubles the chance of mold contamination. Smooth flow of air wipes mold spores out of the building environment and keeps the place safe. A quality ventilator with air-purification system could

INTRODUCTION Clostridium perfringens , from the Clostridiaceae family , is a large non-motile Gram-positive bacteria . According to Johnson E. A., et al, Clostridium perfringens are “spore forming bacteria (subterminal spores) that are encapsulated in tissue smears” (2007). It has 5 different types of strains from strain A to E which each produces different toxins. Strain A and C are both pathogenic for humans. This bacteria are able to produce energy via anaerobic respiration thus does not

infectious, and when the animal decomposes, the spores can again mix with the soil and the transmission cycle continues. The bacterium often penetrates the body via wounds in the skin and may also infect humans as aerosol or ingestion. The ability of sporulation and resistance of the spores to harsh environmental conditions like heat and humidity, disinfectants and UV radiation makes anthrax the most important biological warfare agent. It is reported that the spores can survive up to 40 years in water or

to be a prevalent nosocomial acquired infection. It is a capsule forming, strict anaerobe, and its growth flourishes at body temperatures (thirty-seven degrees Celsius). Clostridium difficile can also be categorized as a motile (flagella present), spore forming bacterium that is found in an individual’s normal flora of the intestine. In addition, the C. difficile reservoir is prevalently found in water and soil reserves; thus, this bacterium can be labelled as ubiquitous in nature. C. difficile

psychrophilic, acidophilic, alkalophilic and halophilic bacteria. The bacteria produce spores under unfavourable environmental conditions. Spores produced are resistant to heat, drying, disinfectants and other destructive agents thus remain viable for long periods (Nicholson, Munakata, Horneck, Melosh, & Setlow, 2000). Spores may be oval or cylindrical in shape and may be located centrally, sub terminally or terminally. Spores, resting and inactive survival

the spores. The staining process occurs through a series of four important steps. The Primary stain, Heat, Rinse, and Counter stain. The Primary stain, stains the cells and not the spores with a Malachite Green. Then, in the heat step, you heat the cells and spores over boiling water which allows the spores to expand and allow the Malachite to enter the spore. Now both cells are stained. The third step, rinse with water, allows the Malachite Green to rinse out of the cells but not the spores. It

possible risks The presence of C. botulinum spores in honey was reported for the first time in 1976 since then there were many

bacillus anthracis contaminated spores into the air. The spores could have been transmitted through the air in an aerosol form that was odorless and invisible to those attending the football game. In one scenario the outbreak could have been an intentional aerosol release of B. anthracis spores in the event of a terrorist attack whereas in another scenario the outbreak could have been purely accidental as anthrax is naturally occurring in the environment and spores may have been uplifted as a result

Sordaria mapping using spore colors Courtney Smith Lab Partner: Ginni Leeman Lab Instructor: Emily Ashe Lab Section: Bio 240 Date: 10-6-17 Abstract Sordaria is an interesting fungus in the facts that it sexually reproduces and goes through a cycle called meiosis. Meiosis goes through quite a few phases starting with Prophase I and going all the way to Telophase II and consists of a process called crossing over or recombination. The purpose of this experiment was to determine

around. Mold inspection or mold testing is done to confirm whether molds are present in indoor environment or not. Mold testing yields many useful information like the type of mold infection, extent of mold growth inside your home, spore count or density of mold spores in indoor air and the exact location of mold infection. Such information helps you understand whether or not staying in the house can be health hazardous. You get a fair idea on how pure the air you are inhaling is. Once you know the

Pilobolus is known for its rapid spore dispersal and an interesting life cycle. It initiates with a black sporangium, which is launched onto a plant substrate Animals that feed on plant substrates such as horses unknowingly, consume the sporangium along with the substrate. The Pilobolus sporangium has to pass through the gastrointestinal track of grazing animals from which comes out without germinating as part of the excrement. Once they leave the host, spores that are found inside the sporangium

septate. Ascomycetes producing microscopic spores inside elongated sacs, 8 spores each, where fluid increase and eventually burst. Figure 8 is the body of the Ascomycete and figure 7 includes the spores of the Ascomycete. Basidomycota are the spore producing body of fungus called Basidiocarps and composed of densely packed hyphae. They are best described as mushrooms. Basidiomycota is expressed in figure 2 and 3, easily recognized by the shape and spores coming from each point of the shape. They

so differed, these parasites can be found in numerous sorts of biological communities. What is the Microsporidia life cycle? 1. The spore infuses the infective protoplasm into the eukaryotic host cell through the polar tubule. 2.At the point when the spores increment in number and totally fill the host cell cytoplasm, the cell film is disturbed and discharges the spores to the environment. There are many places that Microsporidia can be found in.