Thermodynamic cycles Essays

heat pumps, the term "heat pump" is more general and applies to many HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) devices used for space heating or space cooling. When a heat pump is used for heating, it employs the same basic refrigeration-type cycle used by an air conditioner or a refrigerator, but in the opposite direction - releasing heat into the conditioned space rather than the surrounding environment. In this use, heat pumps generally draw heat from the cooler external air or from the ground

in depth) to the filtration plant for water intake and flow. (Acciona). The heat transfer process at Toronto’s Jhon street pumping station promotes the act of the cooling of the warm water in the air conditioners to be cooled by the lake water and cycle back again. Thus, the water being used for this process moves along to the city’s potable water system. Heat can only be pumped from one place to another however; deep lake water-cooling saves almost 90% of the electricity used for air conditioning

Qualitative Analysis Testing on ions- Cations and anions can be identified in various different ways and on different levels. Many Qualitive analysis tests can be done to identify cations and anions through change of temperature and chemical reactions. The ‘Flame test’ is designed to identify a cation in a compound solution through changes of temperature, the cation can be identified by the color of the flame it produces. On the other hand, the ‘Precipitate test’ is designed to identify the anion

What is geothermal energy? : Geothermal energy is thermal (heat) energy that is stored, generated and emanated from the Earth’s core to the Earth’s crust. How is it generated? : The earth core generates geothermal energy through the natural decay of radioactive materials such as Uranium and Potassium. This heat energy is mostly found within magma, which exists below the Earth’s crust. The potential heat energy that exists with the first 100 Kilometers of the Earth’s crust exceeds 500 Kelvin. How

The mathematical relationship that exists between pressure and volume when temperature and quantity are held constant is that pressure is inversely proportional to volume. This relationship is known as Boyle’s Law. P1 x V1 = P2 x V2. When the volume of a container is decreased, when still containing the same amount of molecules, more molecules will hit the sides of the container, thus increasing the pressure. We were asked to graph pressure and the inverse of volume because the graph of pressure

SHORT REPORT/LOG SHEET Table 1. Tensile testing results Testing Laboratory MSE Undergraduate Lab Room 6 Materials used Polystyrene (PS) High-density Polyethylene (HDPE) Aluminium Alloy (Al) Specimen Geometry Dumbell shape Test Temperature (°C) 22 Loading rate (mm/min) 2 Nominal dimensions (mm): width, thickness, gauge length PS: 12.01, 1.99, 60 HDPE: 12.04, 3.00, 60 Al: 12.05, 2.03, 60 Mat./ Spec. Width, mm Breath, mm Pmax, N , MPa , MPaL0, mm Lf, mm Af, mm2 %EL %AR PS 12.01 1.99 1016.64 42 42.537

3.1 ABSTRACT The intermolecular interactions in the N-methylformamide with acetophenone, cyclic ketones (cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone) binary liquid systems are studied in combined experimental and computational methodology. The speed of sound (u), density (ρ) and viscosity ( ) values are measured for binary mixtures of N-methylformamide with ketones over the entire range of mole fraction at temperatures T= (303.15 to 318.15) K, at atmospheric pressure. From the experimental results, the

Basic Principles and Modes of Capillary Electrophoresis Harry Whatley 1. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS 1.1. Fundamentals of Electrophoresis Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a special technique that uses an electrical field in order to separate the components present in a mixture. Electrophoresis in a capillary can be differentiated from other types of electrophoresis that it is done within the walls of a narrow tube. To understand the functioning of molecules influenced by an electrical

Question. How can nitric oxide production from perfused organs be determined? Problem. It is thought that Nitric Oxide is important in signalling between neurons as well as in the vascular endothelium. NO plays a key role as the endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), which regulates vascular constriction and relaxation and is thus highly correlated with perfused organs (1). Since nitric oxide is so important in the vascular system, a sensitive and specific method is needed to detect it in

Gas Chromatography Principle: A sample to be analysed is injected into the chromatography instrument. The sample solution enters a gas stream which transports the sample into a separation tube which is also known as the column. Various components in the sample solution separated inside the column. GC has principles similar to fractional distillation. Both processes separate mixture based on boiling point. Fractional distillation does it on a larger scale whereas GC does it on a small scale Source:

exerted by the atmosphere. Hence, the heated gas does work on the balloon. This illustrates the first law of thermodynamics, which is centered on the relationship between heat and work. Besides this, another law of thermodynamics can be seen in the movement of gas particles from a higher temperature reservoir to a lower temperature reservoir. This exemplifies the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the natural flow of heat is always from a higher temperature body to a lower temperature

Cetane Number The cetane number of a diesel fuel is the numerical result of engine test designed to evaluate fuel ignition delay. It is defined as the whole number nearest to the value determined by calculation from percentage by volume of normal cetane (cetane No. = 100) in a blend with heptamethylnonane (cetane No. = 15) which matches the ignition quality of the test fuel when compared by this method. High cetane number fuels generally cause lower combustion noise, improved control of combustion

Shield Your Hearing Aids from Harm This Winter During the cold, dry winter months, you might not see the need to take extra care of your hearing aids, but water in the form of condensation can still be forming inside the small electrical components of your hearing aids. This makes good winter care important to extend the life of your hearing aid and to ensure you can hear properly. An extremely cold temperature alone does not affect the ability of your hearing aids to work properly. However, the

Shayna Salloway AP Chemistry A Snyder 11 September 2014 Title: Finding Mole Ratios of Reactants in a Chemical Reaction Purpose: Experiment using the method of continuous variations to figure out mole ratios of reactants. Procedure: 1. Take the NaClO and the sodium thiosulfate solutions and measure the temperature of each solution. Record in the data table. 2. Mix a combination of the NaClO and the thiosulfate solution equal to 50 ml in a Styrofoam cup, stir with thermometer, and record temperature

The objective of the Bromocresol Green Equilibrium System Lab was to determine if the equilibrium constant, K, was a true constant at constant temperature. To determine this, the value of the constant was found at different concentrations of HIn, HIn-, and at varying pH, which was used to determine the concentration of H+. K was found using the equation K= [HIn]/([In-][H+]). In order to be a true constant, none of the values of K found should differ from the average by more than two standard deviations

Figure 1 Interpretation of the data Graph 1 indicates that as the dry mass of the water rocket increases, the maximum altitude it can reach when launched decreases. The R2 value, which indicates the strength of the correlation between two variables, where one indicates perfect correlation and zero indicates no correlation, in this graph is 0.989. Moreover, the correlation is negative, which can be seen from the coefficient of the X in the equation (-40.667x+ 30.02). For every gram the rocket’s mass

Introduction: Freezing point depression is a colligative property that calculates the decrease of the freezing point when any solute is added to a solvent. When determining changes in freezing point, solute concentration is measured in molality which is moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. The concentration unit moles per kilogram is temperature independent, because mass does not vary with temperature. The decrease in freezing point of the pure solvent is proportional to the molality of the

Air conditioning means, the air conditioning for the maintenance of the specific conditions of temperature, humidity (moisture in the air) and the level of dust inside a closed space. The conditions that remain are dictated by the need for the conditioned space is intended. The air conditioning system removes heat leaking into the structure from the outside and deposits it outside the structure where it came from. A basic air conditioning system consists of three main components: • Compressor:

Abstract Human body temperature should be maintained at an approximate value of 37oC. Temperature regulation of human body becomes important in situations such as space ventures, firefighting, etc. Heat gains from external heat sources such as sun, heat gains from human metabolic activity, heat losses due to ventilation, heat gains from auxiliaries, etc. have to be considered in controlling of temperature inside a spacesuit. Therefore this paper focuses on heat transfer and temperature control of

CHAPTER 4 SUMMARY OF RESULTS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Summary As the researchers completed the process of making the product which undergone extractions and pre-treatment, different tests we’re conducted in terms of physical and chemical properties in relation to the commercial ethanol. For the physical properties of BIT and commercial ethanol, the ethanol showed different measurements in physical properties of BIT and commercial ethanol such as the density, smoke emission, and heat