Introduction The clove tree is a tropical plant that grows in Indonesia and has been a prominent factor in the trading industry for centuries in the form of buds or extracted oil1. Clove spice is a popular cooking flavouring and clove oils are used as antimicrobial and pain relieving remedies in the primarily the dental field. The extraction of clove oil from buds is an important process in developing remedies for the professional medical industry. The main component of clove oil is the organic molecule Eugenol and it is found in quantities of up to 82% in the clove bud1. Eugenol is a phenylpropene1 and its boiling point 254˚C2, however when it forms a positive azeotrope with water, its steam boiling point lowers to that just below waters boiling …show more content…
Diagram of Acetyl Eugenol isolating into Eugenol Methods and Materials Steam Distillation Ground cloves (10.095g) were weighed and placed into a 250ml round bottom flask with 100ml distilled water and a stir bar. A Williams Kit steam distillation apparatus was set up with a heating mantle, lab jack and a 100ml receiving flask. The clove solution was heated to a boil and reduced until 25ml of distillate was collected, the process was repeated with the adding of 50ml of pre heated water. The volume of distillate collected was 50ml and was a milky colour. . Seperatory funnel and Evaporation Ethyl acetate (15ml) was used to rinse the receiving flask and the solution was added to a separatory funnel apparatus. The funnel was shaken and the aqueous ethyl acetate layer containing Eugenol was drained to an Erlenmeyer flask. The bottom layer was put through this process again with another 15ml of ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate layers were combined and was mixed with saturated sodium chloride to act as a drying agent, the mixture was placed in the funnel again and separated. The remaining ethyl acetate layer was then mixed with an anhydrous salt sodium sulphate. The mixture was then placed through a gravity filtration with a pre weighted flask and run through an evaporator. The mixture observed was too watery, so the mixture was put through the seperatory funnel again, dried with sodium sulphate, and put through the evaporated again. …show more content…
Dilutions of 1:20 of ethyl acetate were made of the extracted clove oil, commercial clove oil and pure Eugenol and calipers were used to place on the indicated line of origin 1.5 to 2mm apart and were not covered by the solvent on a prepared TLC strip. The jar was sealed and the hexane rose to within 5mm of the top. The dried strip was viewed under UV light, sketched and then stained with a solution of 2% P-Anisaldehyde in 4% Sulfuric Acid and 96% Ethanol. This process was repeated with also a solvent of ethyl acetate and a 50:50 ration of hexane and ethyl acetate. The TLC strip was sketched with Chemdraw, analyzed and Rf values were
Abstract: In this experiment, triphenylmethanol was synthesized in two steps. First, the bromobenzene was reacted with dry magnesium turnings to produce Grignard reagent. Second, the Grignard reagent was reacted with methyl benzoate and concentrated sulfuric acid to produce an alcohol. The end result of the experiment was not very successful because only 17% yield of final product triphenylmethanol was recovered, and the final product was impure based on the melting point and the IR spectrum results.
Next, about 10 mL of both solutions, Red 40 and Blue 1, were added to a small beaker. The concentration of the stock solution were recorded, 52.1 ppm for Red 40 and 16.6 ppm for Blue 1. Then, using the volumetric pipette, 5 mL of each solution was transferred into a 10 mL volumetric flask, labelled either R1 or B1. Deionized water was added into the flask using a pipette until the solution level reached a line which indicated 10 mL. A cap for the flask was inserted and the flask was invented a few times to completely mix the solution. Then, the volumetric pipette was rinsed with fresh deionized water and
When no more solids were dissolving, the mixture filtered by gravity using a pre-weighed filter
The History and Science of Healing With Essential Oils Did you know that at least 30% of prescription drugs in the United States are based on naturally occurring compounds from plants? Each year, millions of dollars are spent searching for new, undiscovered, curative elements in the bark, roots, flowers, seeds and foliage of plants from every corner of the Earth. As the most powerful part of the plant, essential oils and plant extracts have been mankind 's first medicine. History has shown and science supports that these can be used medicinally to kill bacteria and viruses.
After the finalization of alkali formulation to be used for extraction of cornhusk fibres, the fibres were treated with Pulpzyme HC to increase their fineness. Pulpzyme HC is a xylanase enzyme (EC.3.2.1.8) produced by submerged fermentation of a genetically modified Bacillus microorganism, and was obtained from Novozymes. The enzyme has an activity of 1000 AXU per gram. (http://fzfz.nbdl.gov.cn:81/files/20130815/1376527490502_36.pdf) Effect of concentration of Pulpzyme HC and Treatment Time The extracted fibres were treated with three different concentrations of enzyme i.e. 1%, 3%, 5% (owf).The time taken for treatment was 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes.
In this experiment, extraction was used as a separation technique to separate the acid, base, and neutral compounds. In extraction, two immiscible solvents with different polarities are used to dissolve and separate different solute components, so they form two distinct liquid layers. In this experiment, ethyl acetate, an organic solvent, and an aqueous solution, were used as the two immiscible solvents. The extraction solvent must be capable of dissolving one of the mixture components, without irreversibly reacting with it. While initially it seems as though the organic acid, base, and neutral compounds would never pass into the aqueous layer, the conjugate acid and base of the organic base and acid respectively are soluble in water.
The three-component mixture was separated through the isolation of each individual component. The isolation process began with o-toluidine, which utilized the addition of hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, and dichloromethane—to the mixture—for the formation of an organic layer that contained pure o-toluidine. Then, the addition of sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid to the remaining mixture resulted in an organic layer, which contained pure benzoic acid precipitate. Finally, anhydrous magnesium sulfate and methylene chloride were added to the remaining mixture of anisole, which resulted in a pure anisole because it removed all residual water and boiled off excess methylene chloride used. The percent recovered from extracted anisole, benzoic
Glacial acetic acid and acetic anhydride were added to the mixture while refluxing, which converted the lime colored solution into a clear mixture. The flask was cooled in an ice bath and the solution
They were given the labels of “HCl”, “Na2S2O3”, and “water”, as was done to the beakers. The “water” syringe was then used to extract 2 mL of water from the “water” beaker. The syringe was examined to verify that no air bubbles were made in the syringe. The water was then translated into Well #3. Next, the “HCl” syringe was used, taking 1 mL of HCl from the “HCl” beaker, and then translated into Well #3 as well.
Equipment • Filter paper • Buhner funnel • Tubing • Clean solvent • Disposable dropper Method 1. When carrying out this scientific technique you first need filter paper, tubing, clean solvent, and disposable dropper. 2.
Observation of Mitosis in Garlic Root Tips: Abstract: This practical examined garlic root tip cells for the observation of the five stages of mitosis. Mitotic division consists of five significant stages which were identified and recorded. The results revealed that the garlic root tip cells are in the interphase stage of the cell division cycle for majority of the time.
Initial Streaking of Unknown in First lab Period The first lab period of this experiment an unknown was assigned. The unknown that corresponds to this lab report is unknown #19. The unknown was cultured during the first lab experiment using TSA, blood agar, MacConkey as the media. The plates were cultured using the streak plate technique.
Rediet Legese iLab Week # 6 CRUDE OIL DISTILLATION Introduction: The aim of this week lab experiment is to experiment distill crude oil and to check how temperature determine the chemical properties of crude oil plus how the boiling point can also show physical properties. They are two major finding in this experiment. he first finding was the point at which the raw petroleum is heated to the point of boiling, at 275 0C, the gas and kerosene oil are refined, however the oil (lubricant ) stays as an unrefined feature oil.
(Molarity)(Volume)(Molar mass) The pellets were dissolved thoroughly then was used in filling up the 100 mL volumetric flask. The solution was mixed well
Clove oil has been found to be the strongest anti-oxidant of any essential oil, and is a component of ‘longevity’ formulas. It is also an extremely potent antibacterial, effective against a broader range of microbes than any other oil except perhaps Oregano – Clove oil has even been employed to sterilize surgical instruments. Clove also has analgesic properties, and can be used to temporarily reduce the pain of toothache. Clove oil (or ground cloves) is also a component of Dr. Hulda Clark’s anti-parasite protocol, helping eliminate parasites from one’s digestive system. This is a very powerful oil which should be diluted to 1% or less for topical