Properties of Ionic and Covalent Substances Lab Report Introduction The purpose of this lab was to determine which of the following substances: wax, sugar, and salt, are an ionic compound and which are a covalent compound. In order to accurately digest the experiments results, research of definitions of each relating led to the following information: ionic compounds are positive and negatively charged ions that experience attraction to each other and pull together in a cluster of ionic bonds; they are the strongest compound, are separated in high temperatures, and can be separated by polar water molecules. A covalent compound forms when two or more nonmetal atoms share valence electrons; covalent compounds are also …show more content…
The wax melted first, followed by the salt, and lastly the sugar. The salt not only burned before the sugar, but developed a brown color throughout most of the substance at a faster pace. In the water solubility test, the salt dissolved in the water, as soon as it was properly mixed and the sugar dissolved in the water as well, but was stirred for a longer period of time until it was completely dissolved. The wax did not dissolve in the water, however bits of the substance broke off from the main piece. With this information, the final results included: wax as a nonpolar covalent compound, since the substance melted first and was not soluble in water; salt as a polar covalent compound, since the substance was soluble in water and the second to melt; and sugar as an ionic compound because the substance melted last and was soluble in …show more content…
Also, salt is an ionic compound and not a polar covalent compound, even though it did not melt last, due to the fact that the elements Na and Cl, both lose or gain an electron and then bond because of their opposite charges, which is a property only ionic bonds possess. The wax was the only substance whose results were synonymous with my hypothesis, since it required a low temperature for its melting point and was not soluble in water, both properties of nonpolar covalent compounds. Potential sources of error included not labeling the spots each substance was placed in the aluminum foil boat, seeing as the result for sugar seemed to be the correct conclusion for salt and vice versa. A future experiment would involve individually testing each substance in an aluminum foil boat, of the same brand, on a heat plate in order to avoid uncertainty. Each substance should be timed to record the precise time each substance began to melt or burn. Also, although this likely served no contribution in disheveling the results, using a stirrer of the same material to ensure the separate testing of each substance will be as uniform as
The purpose of this lab was to be able to use physical characteristics to determine the identity of an unknown compound. The data from this experiment classified aluminum as metallic; ascorbic acid, paraffin, palmitic acid, sucrose, graphite, and water as molecular; sodium chloride as ionic. In order to determine this, 3 tests were conducted. The first test was to test the conductivity of each substance at room temperature. In this test, only graphite and aluminum conducted.
each paper remained it's original color, thus concluding that the unknown was neutral. These results also led the students to believe the unknown was CaCl2 since it was listed in the neutral column. After the litmus test was conducted the students added a few drops of Na3PO4 to the unknown. When these two were combined a precipitate was formed. This final test on unknown F verified that it was CaCl2.
If I had a chance to do this experiment once again. I would improve this experiment by actually testing, whether temperature affects the rate of reaction of the alka seltzer tablet, by having the water be hot, warm and cold, and determine at which temperate does the tablet dissolve faster. I could also change the amount of water I used during the experiment, as I only used 100ml of water in a 400ml beaker. I would also change the temperate of the room. A further investigation can study how temperature affects the rate of reaction between water and alka seltzer tablets.
As much was conducted throughout this lab, the projected completion of this lab displays that ultimately, the higher the temperature of the water, the faster the dissolving rate of the Alka-Seltzer is. In other words, the hotter the water temperature the quicker the tablet dissolves within the water in regards to the amount of time it took to dissolve. Furthermore, this experiment helps to explain that, if water is taken at a higher temperature and Alka-Seltzer is placed within the water, the Alka-Seltzer will take less time to dissolve because the higher temperatures cause the tablet to melt at a quicker rate. This compares to when Alka-Seltzer is placed in colder temperatures, where instead it takes more time to dissolve, because the lower
Scientist preform many qualitative analyses to determine the identity of an unknown ionic compound. The determination of the compound involves preforming a series of test and using a high level of logical thinking. In the project unknown cations and anions were tested to determine each identity. Once the identity was determined logic trees for each, the cation and anion, were constructed to help identify the unknown compound.
Sodium chloride forms an ionic intermolecular force, and silicon dioxide and octane both form a London dispersion force. Each compound behaves differently in water. Sodium chloride is soluble in water, and silica and mineral oil are not. This is because of the idea that likes dissolve like. Water forms a polar intermolecular force, and when ionic molecules enter it, they dissolve because the water molecules are more attracted to the ions rather than other water molecules.
The fire, fueled by the stored butter, lard, and cheese, continued to gain momentum; water had little effect on it. The melted food products caused additional
Murder and a Meal: An Organic Compounds Lab Problem: Based on the contents of the victim's stomach, where did he eat his final meal? Background Information: A macromolecule is a molecule that contains a large number of atoms, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids. Macromolecules are formed by a process known as polymerization in which large compounds are built by the joining of smaller one together. The smaller units are known as monomers and monomers together form polymers. Macromolecules are important to living things for example
The hypothesis for the experiment was if the type of wax being used in the candles are different, then some candles will burn longer than other candles made with different waxes, because different waxes burn at different rates. The evidence that was collected in the experiment accepted the hypothesis because if both trial one and two soy candles were left to burn until there had no mass left, they would be the fastest burning candles. The trial one candle would have taken 148 minutes at 0.06 g/min, or 2 hours and 28 minutes. The trial two candle would have taken a similar amount of time with 150 minutes at 0.06 g/min, or 2 hours and 30 minutes. Another piece of evidence from the experiment that accepted the hypothesis was if both trial one and trial two beeswax candles were also left to burn until there was no mass left, they would be the slowest burning candles.
Chemical compounds that are available to determine are CaCO3, CaCl2, Ca(NO3)2, mgCl2, MgSO4, KCl, HCl, HC2H3O2, KNO3, K2SO4, NaC2H3O2, Na2CO3, NaCl, Na2SO4, HNO3, H2SO4, HNO3, H2SO4, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, K2CO3, 0.1 M AgNO3, 0.2 M BaCl, Mg(s), NaOH, and KOH. To start this experiment, start with the flame test by gathering a Bunsen burner and a Nichrome wire. Connect the Bunsen burner with a rubber tube to a laboratory gas. To prepare solutions for the flame test, weigh out 0.205 gram of Unknown Compound using an analytical balance and mixed it into a 140 mL beaker filled with 20 mL ionized water. Ensure that solid is completely dissolved using a stirring rod.
Problem: How does the temperature of water used to dissolve an Alka-Seltzer tablet affect the amount of time it would take for the tablet to completely dissolve? An Alka-Seltzer tablet is a medicine tablet made with baking soda used as a pain reliever for “headaches, body aches, pain, heartburn, acid indigestion, and sour stomach” (Alka-Seltzer Tablets). It is put into water, left to dissolve and then consumed. When an Alka-Seltzer tablet is dropped into h20, a chemical reaction immediately takes place and produces bubbles made out of carbon dioxide as a product of the collision (Olson 2). When in its original powder (dry) form, the Alka-Seltzer’s two main ingredients: citric acid and sodium bicarbonate are just there and not reacting to each
As a result of their strong bonds these molecules have a high boiling and melting point, a high polarity and are typically solid at room temperature. Ionic bonds involve a metal and nonmetal because metals
In this experiment, provided the different solids, the objective was to categorize these solids either as an ionic or a covalent bond. This was accomplished through testing the solubility, conductivity, and the melting points of each substance. Based on the results from each test and knowing the properties of an ionic and covalent bond, the solids were grouped together according to the similarity of their properties. This lab provided the learning experience of being able to easily decipher between ionic and covalent compounds. This experiment helped in recognizing the specific and unique properties of each compound.
In science, an ionic compound is a concoction compound made out of particles held together by electrostatic powers named ionic holding. The compound is unbiased by and large, yet comprises of emphatically charged particles called cations and adversely charged particles called anions. These can be basic particles, for example, the sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) in sodium chloride, or polyatomic species, for example, the ammonium (NH+ 4) and carbonate (CO2− 3) particles in ammonium carbonate. Singular particles inside an ionic compound more often than not have different closest neighbors, so are not thought to be a piece of atoms, but rather some portion of a ceaseless three-dimensional system, normally in a crystalline structure. Ionic mixes containing hydrogen particles (H+) are named acids, and those containing essential particles hydroxide (OH−) or oxide (O2−) are named bases.
Figure 1 shows the synthesized ionic liquid of CVD with studied acidic compounds (white crystalline materials) in 1:1 molar ratio after dissolving them in methanol and complete solvent evaporation after five days. CVD with CA, TA and SAC convert to a viscous yellow liquid form. This method was used to preparation of different ionic liquid form of drugs such as ketoconazole with TA and CA (24) and sulfasalazine and acyclovir with choline (28). ****Fig 1**** The DSC thermograms of CVD, CA, TA and their ionic liquid forms have been demonstrated in Figure 2.