Does The Article Watching DNA Polymerase And Make A Phosphodiester Bond
Journal Summary 2 I found the article, “Watching DNA polymerase n make a phosphodiester bond” (Nakamura, et al.) very interesting. Their research into the different transition states of DNA replication really gave me a chance to think about more than just the “big picture” points in DNA synthesis and look closer at the details. The goal of the research was to visualize the chemical reaction of DNA synthesis. The researchers used x-ray crystallography to follow the bond formation and structural changes associated with DNA replication reactions. These transition states have never been visualized previously. They catalysed the reaction by using DNA polymerase (Pol) and were able to extend the use of flash freeze technology. This allowed them to see the reaction in real time, with the help of X-ray crystallography. Due to this new technique, they observed additional transitional states previously unexplored as well as suggesting a third magnesium ion is involved in the reaction. They believed and proved, that by using their technique, intermediate states …show more content…
The researchers not only believed that this technique is valuable for visualizing already known transition states in DNA synthesis, but that it would show that there are additional transition states that, due to short reaction times and high energy, have no previously been seen. The researchers also identify a third magnesium ion that stabilizes the new bond in the intermediate state. This add information to the two metal ion dependent mechanism that is believed to be used by DNA and RNA polymerases as well as many nucleases. I think this research is important because it not only documents new techniques that may be helpful in other areas of research, but it takes a fine tooth comb through the bond formations in DNA
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554 Words | 3 PagesSophia Greenwood Mrs. Rupertus 518-02 14 May 2023 Rosalind Franklin Rosalind Franklin was an innovative female scientist and most renowned for her studies with the double helix structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strands. Franklin was the first person to determine the arrangement of molecules in DNA using a technique called x-ray diffraction. X-ray diffraction is a method used to analyze the structure of materials at a molecular level and is a non-destructive procedure. (Encyclopedia Britannica - Britannica.com). Scholars today argue that James Watson and Francis Crick stole Franklin’s studies on the double helix, stating Watson and Crick used her unpublished data without Franklin’s permission or knowledge.
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161 Words | 1 PagesIn early 1950’s, James Watson and Francis Crick have also investigated the structure of DNA. However this time, the structural model of DNA is formed. On their investigation, they compiled and analyzed all the existing study about the structure of DNA rather than conducting an experiment in a laboratory. Some works that they used as added idea in creating the model are the Chargaff’s rule and Franklin’s “X-ray Crystallography image of DNA.” Their final output is a “DNA Double Helix Model.”
What Is Deoxyribose In Dna's Name?
318 Words | 2 PagesMany people are familiar with the spiral staircase appearance of DNA. The twisted pieces on the outside of the ladder are called the sugar phosphate backbone. The rungs of the latter consist of nitrogenous bases called Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and cytosine with Adenine always pairing with thymine and guanine always pairing with cytosine. A phosphate group, a sugar, and one of the four nitrogenous bases bond to create a nucleotide which makes up DNA. In fact, DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid with nucleic representing the nucleotides in DNA.
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223 Words | 1 PagesRosalind discovered that DNA could exist in two forms and also discovered that within her x-Ray of DNA, the wet form of DNA had all the characteristics of a helix. Watson and Crick, after later looking at Franklin’s results, suggested that the molecules of DNA were made of two
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221 Words | 1 PagesMartha Cowles Chase, an American Geneticist, was known to be with Hershey during the conducting of their “Hershey-Chase Blender” experiment. With Chase, Hershey found a way to determine the role each of the phage components played in the process of replication. In their experiments done in 1951 and 1952, Hershey used radioactive phosphorus to tag the DNA and radioactive sulfur to tag the protein. (note that DNA contains no sulfur and the protein contains no phosphorus.) Hershey and Chase then allowed the marked phage particles to infect a bacterial culture and to begin the process of replication.
How Did Gamow Contribute To The Formation Of A Protein?
374 Words | 2 PagesAfter the discovery of the structure of DNA in 1953 by Francis Crick, James Watson, Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin, Gamow attempted to solve the problem of how the order of the four different kinds of bases (adenine, cytosine, thymine and guanine) in DNA chains could control the synthesis of proteins from amino acids.[27] Crick has said[28] that Gamow's suggestions helped him in his own thinking about the problem. As related by Crick,[29] Gamow suggested that the twenty combinations[30] of four DNA bases taken three at a time corresponded to the twenty amino acids that form proteins. This led Crick and Watson to enumerate the twenty amino acids common to proteins. Gamow's contribution to solving the problem of genetic coding gave rise to important models of biological degeneracy.
DNA Vs Eukaryotes Research Paper
953 Words | 4 PagesThis polymerase is made-up of two main parts. There is the core which is a pentameric polypeptide and another polypeptide that is called the sigma subunit. The sigma subunit performs the job of activating the core enzyme by inducing a conformational change and the RNA polymerase is turned into a holoenzyme. Once the RNA polymerase is active it is attracted to the promoters on the DNA with the help of consensus sequences. Before the initiation phase can begin a gene called the promoter must be recognized by the RNA polymerase on the template strand of the DNA.
Dna Molecules Research Paper
365 Words | 2 PagesEach DNA molecule is made up of two strands which intertwine to form a double helix. The form of the stucture which looks like a ladder is each nucleotide base is a DNA strand which links with another nucleotide base via hydrogen bonds in a second strand of DNA. The bases cross link in a certain order such as A adenine will only link with T thymine and the other way around then C cytosine will only link with G guanine and the other way around. When reproduction is formed from parents to off spring more genetic materials are needed the 2 stands unzip and enzymes add new bases to each which then form 2 new strands. Different segments of a DNA molecule code for different characteristics in the body.
Personal Statement Sample For Graduate School
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