Cells are the smallest unit of an organism yet are very complicated and range in function. Why is it important that they survive? Well all living beings are made up of a great number of cells so their health is important. Luckily cells have various ways to stay alive and reproduce. Molecules of life, cell cycle with mitosis, and gene regulation are all important components that support the life of a cell. The basic molecules of life, including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids all play vital roles in a cell’s life. Proteins are fundamentally the building blocks of cells and have many functions. Proteins are made of one or more polypeptide strands. These strands are long chains of amino acids with many possible sequences. Motor …show more content…
Cells can communicate with their environment due to protein receptors on the cell membrane that can relay messages into the cell. Digestion is done with the help of proteins called enzymes. Their job is to break down food molecules that are ingested. Another job of the proteins is to transport oxygen through the use of hemoglobin. The next basic molecule is the carbohydrate. They are a key source of energy to the cell and provide some structural support and cellular communication. Carbohydrates are made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms in the form of a sugar or a polymer of sugars. A monosaccharide is a single sugar molecule, a disaccharide is two linked sugar molecules, and a polysaccharide is three or more linked sugar molecules. The chemical source of energy in carbohydrates is the main source of energy in organisms. Lipids, another molecule of life, includes fats, oils, waxes, and some steroids. Lipids are made of chains of carbon and hydrogen called fatty acids. Lipids are hydrophobic and repel water. Lipids are very important in cell membranes because of the phospholipids that are found there that protect the inside of the cell from its surroundings. The cell membrane is important in …show more content…
Our genome consists of billions of nucleotide bases and the sequence of these pairs determines the instructions for our life. Cells have ways to determine what genes are expressed and what proteins are made. Gene regulation is influenced by several factors including age, the environment, lifestyle, diet, and many more. These circumstances in life can cause genes to be silenced or expressed over time. Gene regulation is essential for cell specialization in multicellular organisms, so each cell type can perform a specific role. Gene regulation is the process of making different proteins based on the job of the cell. Cells can get signals from inside the cell or outside the cell telling it to make more or less proteins such as when growth factors signal the cell to produce growth factor proteins. The process of protein synthesis occurs through transcription and translation. During transcription, the DNA is replicated and transcribed into mRNA and then introns are removed through splicing. The mRNA formed in transcription is transported out of the nucleus, into the cytoplasm, to the ribosome. In translation, a growing protein chain is made by matching amino acid with the base pair codons on the mRNA strand with the help of tRNA.The operon is an example of gene regulation that bacteria use where they can control the amount of proteins being made with the use of a repressor that can prevent or promote the transcription
Lysosomes- Lysosomes are coined as the “suicide bag” of the cell. These structures are responsible for hydrolizing different macromolecules as well as intracellular digestion. The lysosome also recycles the cell’s organelles and some macromolecules which leads to the renewal of the cell. In a process called apopstosis, cells are destroyed.
1. Cell Membrane - A cell membrane in a cell is like the turnstiles and gates of a baseball stadium. The cell membrane is selectively permeable and the turnstiles or gate only let people with a ticket into the stadium 2. Cell Wall - The cell wall in a cell is just like the support beams of a baseball stadium.
Dionna Johnson~ Chapter 2 Paper Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, and they're the simplest form of sugar also. Monosaccharides are the main block of complex carbohydrates, such as disaccharides and polysaccharides. They appear in a crystal-like substance, and can dissolve in water. Molasses has a high content of the monosaccharides. Yogurt contains monosaccharide galactose, cherries contain monosaccharide fructose.
Organelles as organism is from The Lives of a cell authored by Lewis Thomas. Thomas uses a unique writing style that is very recognizable and different from the others. This helps us to appreciate our diversity as human beings demonstrated by our abilities to write differently. As a reader one is able to form an image of who Thomas is by how he expresses his feelings and attitudes. When this text was written a lot of people, mostly scientists, thought and had knowledge of different things than they do now.
The biochemistry is very similar through all organisms with each containing DNA made from adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. First, the DNA is transcribed into mRNA. That specific RNA is then converted into an amino acid sequence by ribosomal RNA. The amino acid code makes up a polymer that ultimately becomes the protein that constructs the organism’s distinctiveness. That is how the given organisms establish their physiognomies.
Nutrition is the process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health, growth, metabolism, and repair. Food is separated into two groups of requirements; macronutrients and micronutrients. Macronutrients is defined by types of food that are highly required and a bigger amount of them in the diet. Examples of macronutrients would be: carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
Explain how cells are important to tissues. Cells are important because cells are formed to make tissue. Another reason is cells in a tissue work together to do a specific job. 4. Synthesize how might the digestive system and the circulatory system work together?
Testing for the Presence of Macromolecules in McDonald’s Happy Meals Clayton Wagoner MST Biology White 4 duPont Manual High School Introduction Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are organic molecules found in every living organism. These macromolecules are large carbon based structures. The macromolecules are assembled by joining several smaller units, called monomers, together through a chemical reaction called dehydration synthesis. The resulting polymer can be disassembled through the complementary process called hydrolysis.
3. How is DNA information used to synthesize polypeptides? A gene or protein is used to make polypeptides. In order to create this gene, transcription and translation must take place to create a protein from DNA.
Even though we cannot see cells without a microscope, they are the basic unit of life and they exhibit all of the characteristics of living organisms. They can exist individually, as do bacteria, or they may work together, taking on specialized tasks to create a more complex organism. However, all living organisms share certain characteristics, which are discussed below. Cells are made of cytoplasm.
The highly unsaturated ones are the omega-3 fatty acids, but another lipid found in the cell membrane is cholesterol, and all the good cholesterol found in all your cells form a hydrophobic bond. The term hydrophobic refers to the water solubility of the cell membrane, phobic meaning “afraid of” and “hydro” meaning water. So, cell membranes are secured by hydrophobic bonds, since lipids aggregate in solution without actually attaching to the atoms that constitute the solution. Shake a bottle of oil and water, and the oil (lipid) aggregates together into smaller and smaller droplets, but it will never form bonds with the water.
University of Phoenix Material Cell Biology Worksheet Part I: Foundations of Cell Biology Respond to the prompts in the tables below. Each response should be at least 30 words. Cite any references that you use. Foundations of Chemisty in Biology
DNA has a massive job of keeping you alive. In essence, a microscopic strand of genes support your entire body and life. There are many smaller jobs protein has to accomplish that combine to accomplish the main job of supporting life. To start, DNA codes for proteins and every protein provide an essential biological function. Also, cells make up tissues, organs, and body systems.
For that reason, I believe it is important to learn about this upcoming breakthrough in the science and medical field. C. Speaker Credibility: As a Biology major I have learned about DNA and cells and taken my research to the next step by studying how genes work. I also conducted an interview with my biology lab teaching assistant to learn more about the process. D. Thesis: Learning about the promise of gene therapy is important because it could change the future of medicine forever, impacting our lives, our kids’ lives and so on. E. Preview of Main Points:
The cell membrane regulates the deoxyribonucleic acid, enzymes, and it builds a pathways for any reaction such as metabolic. When waste products are present the cell membrane gets rid of it and the cell membrane allows important things inside . A great example of what the cell membrane allows in or out is water and oxygen. Specific molecules are only made to enter the cell which is also called semipermeable. Molecules can be passed by active transport or either passive transport.