Article Review: Feminists Critiques of International Law and Their Critics Before the start of the Post-Positivist era, the majority of the scholars of International Relations and International Law has always considered that their subject of study and the theories incorporated in it to be unbiased and virtuous in nature, thus believing that those scientific methods they have done and the concepts that they have created were mostly accepted by the global society. Feminists theorist challenged this assumption with their explanation on how International Law and to a broader extent International Politics, have always been somewhat biased towards men, as their ideals and interests are mostly represented in it, while the women’s are not. This particular …show more content…
The three feminist activists’ article raised a rather controversial post-positivist approach to International Law, criticizing International Law with the aforementioned argument of lack of women’s representation on political spectrums and a few additional arguments. While there are indeed many supporters of the thought-provoking article and the authors, it also provoked a sum amount of scholars which criticize their work, especially in the scientific “objectivity” of the research. One such critique is the Argentine-American legal academic Fernando R. Teson. Teson’s article “Feminism and International Law: A Reply”, criticizes some of the arguments made by the three authors of the formerly mentioned article. His academic critique of the feminist approach to international law was later also refuted by Charlesworth in the article which the writer will review in but a moment: Feminists Critiques of International …show more content…
"Some Remarks on Essentialism." The Journal of Philosophy 65, no. 20 (1968), 615-626. doi:10.2307/2024315. Charlesworth, Hilary. "Feminists Critiques of International Law and Their Critics." Third World Legal Studies 13 (1995), 1-16. http://scholar.valpo.edu/twls/vol13/iss1/1/. Charlesworth, Hilary, Christine Chinkin, and Shelley Wright. "Feminist Approaches to International Law." The American Journal of International Law 85, no. 4 (1991), 613. doi:10.2307/2203269. Charlesworth, Hilary, and United Nations. "United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law." United Nations - Office of Legal Affairs. 2016. http://legal.un.org/avl/ls/Charlesworth_IL_video_1.html. Greene, Margaret E., Julie Peters, and Andrea Wolper. "Women's Rights, Human Rights: International Feminist Perspectives." Population and Development Review 21, no. 3 (1995), 686. doi:10.2307/2137763. Hodson, Loveday. "Feminist Perspective on Contemporary International Law - The Law on the Use of Force: A Feminist Analysis." Global Law Books. Accessed October 25, 2016. http://www.globallawbooks.org/reviews/detail.asp?id=778. Tesón, Fernando R. "Feminism and International Law: A Reply." Virginia Journal of International Law 33 (1993), 647-684. http://ir.law.fsu.edu/articles/33.
To support the claims in their book, Kristof and WuDunn provide evidence from a wide rage of international sources. They rely on the personal testimonies of a diverse group of women from different part of the world. These women serve as representatives of their cultures and provide a personal account of the oppression their fellow women endure. Kristof and WuDunn also refer to statistics from international women’s and human rights organizations. In addition, they occasionally call upon personal accounts of culture and oppression from various officials from the regions that they are focusing
In these interactions, the upper middle class women meet at world fairs to promote and make innovations in education, welfare and home services (Snarr, 2012). A woman’s view of development revolved around the terms of human and social development. Thus, women began forming organizations committed to human rights, development and peace. The first network to form was called the International Feminist Network who pushed for the UN to acknowledge that sexual assault on women during times of conflict is a form of violence (Snarr, 2012). Therefore, development was being made for equality for women and the poor.
These women are not considered to be worth the attention of citizens and some find that it is their fault and not the fault of poverty and oppression (Pearce). This would be an interesting topic to look into further for my research paper. Part
It began in the late 20th century and was not localised like first-wave feminism. Due to the advent of modernisation, the movement involved international organisations like Amnesty International. By comparing the prevalent architectural elements and themes from gender theory such as those listed above, a conclusion can be reached. This methodology is described by Borden as “theorised and interdisciplinary studies” (3). A wide range of elements have been developed from both
Annotated Bibliography "United Human Rights Council." United Human Rights Council. VIBSCO 2015. n.p, n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.
Since the 1800’s till this day Women’s Rights has been a controversial topic. For many years powerful and non powerful women have struggled to prove that women’s rights are human rights. Women’s rights are the effort to secure equal rights for women around the world and to have equality and remove gender discrimination. Related issues to women’s rights include or have included the right to vote, to work, work pay, birth control, to hold public office, to own property, to serve in the military, to have parental rights, and many more. Susan B. Anthony was a feminist and a leader to the women’s suffrage movement in the late 1800s.
While women in America celebrate these freedoms, women and girls in third world countries are burdened with the inequality of rights that their government permits. Moreover, forty percent of girls, under eighteen, in Tanzania are forced, by their parents, to marry older men for a dowry. Tanzanian women are regularly raped, beaten, and shamed (Yee 343). It is 2016, almost one-hundred years after American women were granted the right to vote, yet many girls and women still do not have equal opportunities and rights recognized by law. In many countries, women are not entitled to own property or inherit land.
Critically examine how contemporary feminist accounts have liberated and enlivened the discipline of criminology. The dominant feminist view is that society is constructed entirely around the needs of men (Renzetti, 2013, p. 7). When the second wave of feminism emerged in the 1960s female academics investigated this idea by critically examining a multitude of academic disciplines, one of which was criminology (Moore, 2008, p. 48). Their aim was to expose male dominance within the system and make known the invisibility of women as both the subjects and producers of criminological research.
). Gender is a socially and historical constructed concept, and has asymmetrical power in international relations, often excluding women from political life (Tickner and Sjoberg 2013: 206; True 2001: 236-237). Realists argue that they have put forward an objective and universal knowledge, however feminists argue that their ‘knowledge’ is socially constructed and favours the masculine ideals, and either denying or misrepresenting the women in politics (Tickner 1988: 432; Alexandre 1989: 6 cited in True 2001: 240). As argued by Cynthia Enloe, women have always been a part of international relations but have largely been ignored (True 2001: 239).
The purpose of this paper is to answer the following posed questions, the first is to describe the basis of feminist criminology. The submission of feminism to the field of criminology offers an important calculation to the most important region of the directive, control and replica of power and order in society. According to Feminist Criminology: http://www.julianhermida.com/contfeminist.htm, “The principles of governing and maintenance of rules of behavior and the interpretation of right and wrong which can be construed as our basic freedoms are defended and defined by the legal system. Feminist look to our frames of reference in regard to these belief systems.”
Critical feminism in social work was developed in the 1970’s as a response to emerging radical social movements of the time. ‘The core mission of critical social work is to promote social justice through social work practice and policy-making” (Healy, 2001). Critical feminism is a practice theory that prioritises the analysis of social structures and promotes collective action against injustice. Critical feminism challenges modern policy-making and welfare practice, as critical social workers ‘question liberal humanist notions of rationality, individual agency and operation of power’ (Healy, 2014). Many women seeking asylum all over the world have become victims to a decision-making process which ‘operates through gendered lenses that ignores
I. INTRODUCTION The journal “Cultural Relativist and Feminist Critiques of International Human Rights – Friends or Foes?” by Oonagh Reitman discuss the critiques of international human rights from cultural relativists and feminists. This journal divided into three main points, such as cultural relativism of Women’s Human Rights, Comparing the Cultural Relativist and Feminist Critiques of Human Rights, and Towards a Cooperative Approach. II. SUMMARY
2012. “The Civic Origins of Progressive Policy Change: Combat- ing Violence against Women in Global Perspective, 1975–2005.” American Political Science Review 106:548–69. UNiTE to End Violence against Women. 2012.
Previously, there were no international agreements that prevent violence against women. Notwithstanding the enormous collection of universal documents on international human rights and humanitarian law, even international conventions on women's rights has left a vast void in this section. In this context, the Fourth Geneva Convention, and the First Protocol provided a set of articles that emphasized the need to protect women from sexual violence during armed conflict. However, the First Protocol did not come with anything new, as the protection provided is the same as set in the Fourth Convention. The ICRC and the 32nd International Conferences of the Red Cross and Red Crescent have repeatedly stressed that the situation of women in armed conflicts puts the international humanitarian law under extraordinary challenges.
Citation Women Run the Show In a Recovering Rwanda. (2008, October 27). Retrieved April 02, 2017, from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/10/26/AR2008102602197.html Women in Parliaments: World Classification. (n.d.). Retrieved April 02, 2017, from http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm McAfee, N. (2009, March 01).