INTRODUCTION: In this experiment I was testing for antimicrobial sensitivity of Staphylococcus epidermidis by using the Kirby-Bauer Diffusion test. The three antibiotics utilized in this lab were: gentamicin, novobiocin, and penicillin. I determined the effectiveness of the antibiotic by observing and measuring the zone of inhibition for each antibiotic. I used the measurements and compared them again with the Antibiotic Susceptibility zone chart. I was able to determine whether the S. epidermidis was resistant or sensitive to the different antibiotics. In healthcare, the physician utilizes the same information from the lab to determine the course of treatment. If the physician is unable to diagnose the exact cause of the infection, they …show more content…
Aseptic technique was initiated at the beginning of this experiment by cleaning the work surface with disinfected wipes. Personal protectives equipment was also worn. The material utilized in this experiment was: S. epidermidis culture broth, sterile cotton swab, streak plate, forceps in 70% alcohol, a lit tea light, and the three antibiotic disks (novobiocin, gentamicin, penicillin). The first step, I divided a plate into three quadrants and labelled them with the different antibiotic names. Using the lit tea light, like a bursen burner, I flamed the mouth of the S. epidermidis culture. The sterile cotton swab was inserted in the S. epidermidis culture and twirled around to obtain a specimen. The entire plate was inoculate with the swab from top to bottom, to achieve a lawn of growth. The dry forceps was used to remove the antibiotic disk into the appropriate spot on the plate. This process was repeated for the all antibiotics with aseptic technique being used. The plate was incubate with lid up on the bookshelf at room temperature for 48 hours. After 48 hours, I observed different growth patterns around the disks. I measured the zone of inhibition of each antibiotic and document them on Microbiology task 3
After lawn inoculating a Meuller Hinton plate and placing the samples of medication, the plate was then incubated for one week at 37 degrees Celsius. The first medication choice was Trimethoprim, this produced a zone of inhibition of 16mm, therefore being sensitive to the bacteria. Antibiotic number two was nalidixic acid, this too, has a zone of inhibition of 16mm but is considered intermediate. The next antibiotic was erythromycin which produced a zone of inhibition of zero and was therefore resistant. The last antibiotic that was chosen to be used in the experiment was ciprofloxacin.
The purpose of this lab report is to employ a myriad of skills, tools and, methods learned throughout this semester to perform the appropriate tests for the identification of the assigned unknown bacteria. Add more background information here!!! The most important tools and techniques used during this identification include aseptic technique, microscopic examination and, the use of selective and differential media. Aseptic technique is an important tool for microbiologists. It is imperative that aseptic technique is maintained throughout the length of any test to avoid any cross-contamination that may lead to inaccurate results.
Staphylococcus epidermidis is an opportunistic pathogen, meaning that they can cause infection more frequently and more easily in persons’ with a weakened immune system such as, HIV patients (CDC, 2015). This organism is seen primarily in nosocomial infections, also known as, hospital-acquired infections (Bukhari, 2004). This means that the organisms favors the hospital environment and is easily passed to a person while they are in the hospital. Ways that a person can get a Staphylococcus epidermidis infection is through IV’s, more commonly in drug users, catheters, and artificial equipment (Bukhari, 2004). Skin-to-skin contact can also be a form of getting this type of infection.
Penicillin, is the first antibiotic that is medically used to fight off a large range of bacterial infection. For this experiment, we will be using ampicillin, it is a part of the penicillin drug group. The ampicillin inhibits the bacteria with the result of killing the bacterium or prevents it from multiplying. “When a bacterium multiplies, small holes open up in their cell walls as the daughter cells divide.
The bacterium is resistant to many antibiotic therapies, which makes
Hypothesis: Increasing substrate concentration will increase the initial reaction rate until it stops increasing and flattens out. Independent Variable: Substrate concentration Dependent Variable: The substrate itself, 1.0% Hydrogen Peroxide How Dependent Variable will be Measured: Hydrogen Peroxide will be used in every experiment, just with different test tubes. The amount of Hydrogen Peroxide in the mixing table is the amount that will be added to each test tube.
Antibiotics and similar drugs, together called antimicrobial agents, have been used for the last 70 years to treat patients who have infectious diseases. Since the 1940s, these drugs have greatly reduced illness and death from infectious diseases. However, these drugs have been used so widely and for so long that the infectious organisms the antibiotics are designed to kill have adapted to them, making the drugs less
The erythromycin resistance gene is carried by Tn4351. erythromycin resistance colonies were transfer to LB agar containing 200µgml-1 thrimethoprim. Non of the colonies could grow in this medium and no free vector (R751) was obtained in plasmid miniprep. This indicates that no replication of R751 occurred. Colony blot hybridization was done separately to discover if Tn4351 and/or R751 had inserted into the chromosome of F. chinesis.
They are arranged individually or form pairs, short chains or clusters of irregular shape. Staphylococci are not demanding on cultivation conditions, but grow best at a temperature of 30-37 °C and neutral pH (Yilmaz, Aydin, 2007). Staphylococci are resistant to dryness and the disinfection and hypertonic solutions of NaCl (up to 12%). Nowadays, there are known 27 species of staphylococci with 14 species found on the skin and mucous membranes of humans. Most staphylococci are absolutely harmless (Flynn, Cohen, 2008).
Exercise 14: Unknown Identification Lab Report The purpose of the study was to identify the unknown bacterium using various biochemical tests in addition to using scientific methods in determining the outcome of the hypothesis. Each biochemical test will help determine the bacteria based on specific characteristics of each organism. I was giving unknown number 232. The first procedure that needed to be done after obtaining unknown bacterial mixture was to isolate the two bacteria in a pure culture using the streak plate method described in Microbiology Laboratory Manual Eight Edition. The material used was trypticase soy agar (TSA) plate, nutrient plate, starch agar, hydrogen peroxide, iodine reagent and microscope.
The B. Vulgaris samples were approximately 1cm3. They were kept the same size to ensure accurate results. A control test was conducted in distilled water to obtain a result to compare. The ethanol treatments were 40% and 70%. To prepare the solutions a 70% ethanol solution was used to make 40%.
Diffusion and Osmosis Lab Report By: Jettica Williams BIOL 1107 Lab September 21, 2016 Prepared for Mrs. Fulford Lab Course Page Break The cell membrane act as a roadblock for cells. The cell membrane has a very hectic job. It restricts the access to what comes in and what goes out. The bond the membrane shares with others is the idea of accountability.
As the name order, it is settled into Staphylococcus genus and S. Epidermidis species. S. Epidermidis makes its home on human skin, mucosal layer and nasal mucosa. Diseases can be taken form in human body and warm-blooded animals such as septicemia and endocarditis. In fact, S. Epidermidis is not too harmful on healthy tissue. The infection often occurs on newborn baby, drug users, and older people and those who need to use assistant devices on every part
With proper hydration, shigellosis is generally a self-limiting disease, and the decision to prescribe antibiotics is predicated on the severity of disease, the age of the patient, and the likelihood of further transmission of the infection. Effective antibiotic treatment reduces the average duration of illness from approximately 5-7 days to approximately 3 days and also reduce the period of Shigella excretion after symptoms subside. Shigellosis can usually be treated with antibiotics. The antibiotics commonly used are ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim or Spectra), nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and the fluroquinolone. Appropriate treatment kills the bacteria present in the gastrointestinal tract and shortens the course of the illness (Lectures in Microbiology by Kenneth Todar).