When the modern capitalist society has emerged, capitalism has massively impacted on many social aspects. The system had led to the dissolution and to an end of the Feudal system during the Middle Ages. There are many political thoughts, which consisted of significant frameworks for reforming and making some new changes to the society. This essay will mainly focus on two main political ideologies and identify the differences between these two houses, which are Marx and Mussolini. First, the German thinker, Marx, and a letter called “ Manifesto of the Communist Party”, bring about the concept of communism that was being used in many areas back in the olden days. For Mussolini, the Italian revolutionary, who adopted socialism but discovered later that it was not yet the right answer for himself. He was supported by the King Victor Emmanuel, then he became the prime minister, and established fascism for his own ruling. Initially, communism focuses on a classless society while fascists believe in a class-based society. As a result of capitalism, there were class struggles between “Bourgeoisie” the middle class and “Proletarians” working class. When money and profits are the most significant in the capitalist society, the employers treated their workers poorly, such as excessive working hours and received lower wages. The exploitation of
The second pernicious influence is human resource exploitation. Laborers become more like work tools for industrial monopolies rather than human beings. Genders and age do not matter to the authority as they prioritize their benefits over the workers’. Not only do they have to suffer from exploitative boss, the proletariat is also made advantage of by other powers, such as landlords.
In fact, the rich individuals prefer capitalism because they use their power to ensure that the poor remain oppressed, at their expense. Moreover, the book profoundly illustrates how work could lead to the dehumanization of people. I highly recommend this book to everybody who wants to understand the plight of workers in a capitalist nation. Notably, this book is relevant today, given that oppression in the workplace is yet to be eliminated. When people read this book, they get a picture of the mess created by the capitalist
These corporations became increasingly powerful and influential, controlling vast amounts of wealth and resources. However, the success of these corporations came at the expense of workers, who often endured
Benito Mussolini, a former social Journalist, who was the leader that seized power and coined the term of Fascism. His ideas were fascist that aligns more with the authoritarian of modernity, believing that everything an individual does needs to be for the State over all other motives. Fascism combines mass movement with the aggression of authoritarian nationalism, antisocialist, and anti-liberal values. Mussolini’s fascism represented a counterrevolution following the Russian Revolution of 1917. Landowners and factory owners paid vigilante groups to attack socialist leaders.
In 1919, Benito Mussolini described fascism as “A movement that would strike against the backwardness of the right and the destructiveness of the left.” That “Fascism sitting on the right, could also have sat on the mountain of the center… These words in any case do not have a fixed and unchanged: they do have a variable subject to location, time and spirit. We don’t give a damn about these empty terminologies and we despise those who are terrorized by these words.” Fascism came into prominence in the early 20th-century Europe. It originated in Italy during World War I.
Karl Marx’s class theory lies upon the premise that "the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles." He meant by this that ever since the inception of modern human society, people have been always divided into classes which are in conflict with each other due to class interests. An argument against class interests is that they are not given ab initio, they arise out of exposure of people occupying different social positions in varying social contexts. Karl Marx and Engels divided the masses into three broad classes, the proletariats, the petty bourgeoisie and the bourgeoisie.
Additionally, although many workers worked long hours, their pay did not match up to the amount of effort put into their jobs. According to “Document A: Early Industrial Society: Progress or Decline?” by Peter Stearns states, “ Sick workers were rarely paid… wages fell, sometimes as much as 50 percent; up to a quarter of the labor force lost their jobs.” This shows inequality because the owners of these businesses underpay their workers on purpose to achieve greater wealth. While the rich gets richer off of the working class’s efforts, the working class become poorer due to their unstable financial income.
This essay will attempt to analyze and discuss the ways tycoons and corporations could be exploitative without government intervention. One of the main ways capitalism could be seen as exploitative
Andre Abi Haidar PSPA 210 INTRODUCTION It is always difficult to write about and discuss Karl Marx, or more importantly the applications of Marx’s theories, due to the fact that he inspired and gave rise to many movements and revolutionaries, not all of which follow his theories to the point. Although Marx tends to be equated with Communism, it might not seem righteous to blame him for whatever shortcomings occurred when his theories were put to the test; Marx passed away well before the revolution in Russia, and he played no role in the emergence of the totalitarian regime at the time. When discussing Marx, however, Vladimir Lenin is one of the biggest highlights when it comes to studying the outcomes of Marx’s theories.
Meanwhile, the theory of Communism was theoretically developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848, with the writing of “The Communist Manifesto” (Heywood, Politics 41). Communism is a system in which all economics and politics are synthesized into one classless state which is most commonly associated with common ownership and people 's leadership by a political party. Although both ideologies coincide in a few aspects when in practice, Communism and Fascism feature different approaches to property and society. Similarities between Fascism and Communism First, under both despotic systems, the state controls the production system, industry, and trade.
Communism believed in a classless society, while Fascism followed a dictatorship, but maintaining a dictatorship required the suppression of the people. Fascist ideology believed that “war alone brings up to their highest tension all human energies and puts the stamp of nobility upon the peoples who have the courage to meet it,” which requires constant violence to prove power (Lualdi 236). By 1924, Mussolini was able to gain 65% of the vote for fascism, but in 1933, the Nazi party only gained 44% of the vote, and even with a minority ruling party was able to gain control of the government. Both Mussolini and Hitler came into power through legal means, but Mussolini was named Prime Minister in the hopes of avoiding war but after gaining control. Yet after their legal rise into power, they used coercion and violence to further their fascist rulings.
Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim both displayed very differing views on the division of labour, and they each have a different proposal on how a society should be ordered. In this essay, I will be highlighting on how Marx believed in a classless society, and how Durkheim believed in structural functionalism, where a society will adjust to achieve a stable state. Furthermore, I will be relating both of their views to my home country Singapore, and why Durkheim’s theory of structural functionalism will be more applicable to the society of Singapore. Karl Marx was a great influence for many, including renowned leaders such as the former leader of Russia, Joseph Stalin. Karl Marx first pointed out his ideas about a classless society in the famous pamphlet Communist Manifesto in 1848.
It is argued that social inequality occurs because of the conflict between the upper-class and the working-class, or as Marx defines it, the Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat. Based on the Manifesto of the Communist Party (Marx and Engels, 1848), the divergence emerges because the aim of the Bourgeoisie is to obtain a surplus-value that is produced by the work of the Proletariat. On the other side, the Bourgeoisie provides the Proletariat with the minimum required, such as a place to live and a minimum wage, in order to keep the society under control and avoid a rebellion. However, Marx did predict a revolt of the working-class that would eventually lead to a communist regime. When it comes to applying this theoretical approach to reality, it is evident to notice that no global revolt in regards to capitalism has occurred.
Communist Manifesto The Communist Manifesto was written by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels. When it was published in 1848 it had little influence, but later became one of the most read documents in the world. It is within the Manifesto that we can see the ideas that shaped history. These ideas were new and different.
Karl Marx (1818-1883) considered himself not to be a sociologist but a political activist. However, many would disagree and in the view of Hughes (1986), he was ‘both – and a philosopher, historian, economist, and a political scientist as well.’ Much of the work of Marx was political and economic but his main focus was on class conflict and how this led to the rise of capitalism. While nowadays, when people hear the word “communism”, they think of the dictatorial rule of Stalin and the horrific stories of life in a communist state such as the Soviet Union, it is important not to accuse Marx of the deeds carried out in his name.