During the Mesopotamia era (4,000 -2,350 B.C.E.), cities were built to help support the population, the inventions of everyday chores and issues (i.e. wheels, canals, pottery), and the rise of monarchy became the hierarchy and the most widespread form of government. Society was under a patriarchy – which the male population dominated political, social, and economic life.
Mesopotamia was the first complex civilization to be developed. Civilizations have been well known by their means of subsistence, types of living, settlement forms, forms of government, economic systems, literacy, social stratification, and other cultural behaviors. E: Geography influenced the rise of civilization because it has to be able to maintain many people. Many civilizations started different bodies of water, because if they want to live, they have to consume water.
For the vast majority of mankind's history, individuals lived in moderately populist social orders and grew genuinely oversimplified types of government. This all changed with the taming of plants and creatures. The advancement of farming permitted individuals to produce a sustenance surplus interestingly, which thusly prompted the making of complex social and political frameworks found in stream valley civic establishments like those in the Center East and Asia. While the civic establishments of antiquated Mesopotamia created social structures that were fundamentally the same as the individuals who found in Old Egypt, their political frameworks were altogether different.
Ancient Mesopotamia was a civilization from 4,000 B.C., which was almost 6,000 years ago! A civilization is a large group of non-nomadic people with its language and set of rules, usually advanced for its time. Ancient Mesopotamia, located in the Fertile Crescent (Modern day Iran/Turkey), has been debated for years, with people asking, “should Ancient Mesopotamia be considered the first civilization?” Well, Mesopotamia should be considered the first civilization because of its social structure, politics, and achievements. Ancient Mesopotamia had an advanced social structure for its time.
What will you be doing without any crops or living without writing? Well Mesopotamia created writing and they created irrigation systems which allowed people to grow a surplus (Sur-Plus Surplus means to have extra of something) of food, Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates river Mesopotamia was a successful civilization because their land were fertile and that allowed them to grow a surplus of food by the way did you know that Mesopotamia was the first civilization and they created writing. Mesopotamia impacted the world because they made irrigation systems which allowed them to grow a surplus of food, also they impacted the world because they created writing which allowed people to record events, remember stuff, and to learn. Mesopotamia impacted the world because they created writing which allowed them to learn, record events, and to remember stuff.
The Earth is slowly degenerating and humans are to blame. Racism, sexism and other forms of oppression are tearing society apart. In Ishmael by Daniel Quinn, the teacher Ishmael, a gorilla, analyzes the downfall of humanity. Ishmael separates the race of humans into two defined groups- the Leavers and the Takers. The Leavers are more aware that their existence is valuable and are not put on Earth to rule; on the contrary, the Takers tend to believe that they are put on Earth to control and use all of the planet’s resources to achieve their gods’ expectations.
Patriarchy and women's voices have been a major concept within ancient history. In many civilizations such as China , India and Rome women had both similar and contrasting systems of patriarchy that they had to subscribe to. In analyzing and identifying civilization based on male dominance one can infer that women were considered far less valuable , significant and vital to society in comparison to men. In reference to the text on patriarchy in China , India and Rome women were often deprived of their voices, oppressed in their native lands and irrelevant. In order to grasp a true understanding of patriarchy the concepts of comparative gender systems , possible action for women of the time , internalization of social values and making intellectual judgments are of extreme importance.
In Ancient Greece, men and women were expected to have separate roles for a common good. However, due to the fact that Ancient Greece really was many separate city-states, each city-state had their own, separate roles. Despite this potential disconnect between the roles, both genders relied on the other to succeed, and the city-states could not have done as well as they did without the roles. Two of the most powerful city-states were Athens and Sparta. They had lots of power, both physical power, as well as the fact that they were very influential in the Mediterranean region.
In Homer’s The Odyssey, Greek gods usually use their powers to control the life of the Ancient Greeks. They would help whoever was in their favour, doing things such as giving magical gifts, and punish those who wronged them. However, the men in their society are the people portrayed heroes. The fathers are expected to bestow their sons with a sense of heroism, or courage, and self-identity.
The first expressions of religious beliefs in Ancient Greece were reflected in male and female figures portrayed in clay, bone, and stone. It is difficult to deduce the meaning of these representations, but it is believed that the female figures symbolized the great mystery of nature, such as life and death. WhIle on the other hand, the male figures are seen as the brothers or partners of the goddesses. This included gods of strength, vegetation, and phallic representations. There were considerable changes in the Greco religious traditions changed with the migration of Indo-European people in 2220 to 2100 B.C.E.
Ancient Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt were two early human civilizations that lived during the bronze age in harsh desert environments located not far from each other. Both civilizations were built around rivers that they depended on for survival. There is evidence that these rivers had great influence on both the societies politics and culture. Egypt was built around the very strong and reliable Nile River. Ancient Mesopotamia was established in the fertile crescent between the less reliable Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
Throughout the dramatic play, Medea, the relationships between Medea and the other characters explore the connections between gender and politics. Medea’s first speech to the all female chorus reveals her belief that women were cursed with the most “wretched” existence on Earth. This was a common belief of the time as men were able to freely divorce women without any penalty. However this did not stop Medea from using her gender to her advantage. An example of this is when she uses pathos to appeal to Creon to not exile her.
Geography not only plays a part in the spread of a religion but also can be inspiration or reflection for the religion itself. Many societies have numerous deities inspired by the landscape in and around their civilization. However, I believe not all religions drew inspiration from the land they lived in. Mesopotamian societies had multiple gods. Most deities represented cosmic forces of nature such as the sun, moon, water, and storms who were responsible for the creation of the earth (World Societies p. 36).
Different societies view women in different lights. Therefore, a woman’s position is greatly different from one society to the other. The societies in question do not necessarily have to exist at the same time. Even in the same time frame, two societies could exist, where one treat women as equals to men, and another that treats women differently than men, whether better or worse. The societies in question are: Mesopotamia, Greece, China, Rome & Europe, and this essay aims to study different societies’ viewpoints on women, and to compare and contrast them against each other.
The Odyssey by Homer contains multiple moments where female characters are oppressed or fit into a patriarchy, but there are several moments where these character show signs of rebellion against this oppression. Applying a critical lense of feminism to these characters and relationships create complexities and conflicts within the novel that shine meaning on the world. The character Penelope offers many of these moments. Analyzing the actions, situation, and comparisons with other characters using a the feminist critical lense will show a more enriched version of Penelope and offer a deeper insight of the patriarchy, and how is affects the world.
woman was raped, compensation was paid to the woman’s father or husband, the amount depending on the woman’s economic situation and other factors, rape being considered a crime of theft . This was evident in the first written law prohibiting rape: the ancient Babylonian Code of Hammurabi around 1750 BC . In societies like Babylonia and Assyria, the harshness of the offence depends on the social and marital status of the victim . Illegal sexual activities were divided into; 1) Adultery 2) sexual Intercourse with an unmarried woman or widow or 3) intercourse with coercion or force . Therefore, rape of a virgin was an economic problem with features of a property crime, whereas rape of a married woman was often considered a justification to avoid execution