ABSTRACT PHB is a promising eco-friendly substance favorable for medical use. PHB was produced from local isolate Bacillus thuringenesis in a conc. 4.1 g/l using 30 g/L Sugar-cane molasses (SCM) at pH 7.5 and incubation temperature 35oC. PHB biodegradation by soil microorganisms were completed after four weeks. Cell cytotoxicity testing is one of the critical factors affecting the biomedical application of polymers. 50% cell cytotoxic concentration (IC50) = 130 mg/ml while non-toxic concentration was 12.5 mg/ml. studying of direct contact application between biopolymer and peripheral blood lymphocytes resulting monomers have no toxic effect on the cells. INTRODUCTION Plastic is one of the most widely daily use requirements, whereas …show more content…
Two small additional peaks at δ = 0.8 and δ = 1.6 were found may be due to impurities present. 1H-NMR spectrum of PHA isolated from glucose or molasses media indicated characteristic signals of PHB, namely a doublet at 1.26 ppm, which is attributed to the methyl (CH3) group coupled to one proton while a doublet of quadruplet at 2.51 ppm due to the methylene (CH2) group adjacent to an asymmetric carbon atom bearing a single proton. The third signal at 5.25 ppm, which was attributed to the methine (CH) group. 1H-NMR is a very sensitive method for determining the domain size and miscibility, which is difficult to identify by conventional microscopic or thermal analysis (Kichise et al., 2002).The values of the chemical shifts as well as the assignments of the 1H-NMR signals, which appeared in the spectra are in agreement with results obtained by Kichise et al. (2002) and typically identical to peaks of the authentic PHB sample produced from Aldrich Company, which clearly shown that the extracted biopolymer from the B.thuringienesis in this study was poly-3-hydroxybutyric acid. These results were also confirmed by 13C NMR spectrum
In the case of NMR of peptide alone, sample was prepared with 90% of H2O which is 540μL and 10% of D2O which is 60μL, so 600μL of solution was used to dilute 1.5mg of peptide. Put 600μL of sample into NMR Sample Tubes, put the sample tube into NMR sample holder, and then run the test, the chemical shift of proton in peptide can be monitored. NMR measurements were performed on Bruker Bruker Avance DRX 800 [32] Figure 24 NMR machine Bruker Bruker Avance DRX
Another hypothesis made was that the bacteria would glow with the addition of the sugar arabinose. All three of the objectives seem to go hand in hand. The lab began by inserting transformation
The mobile phase used was a mixture of ammonium acetate buffer and acetonitrile at a ratio of 400:600. A flow rate of 1 mL/min was maintained, and the detection wavelength was 292 nm (22). The required studies were carried out to estimate the precision and accuracy of the HPLC method and were found to be within limits [percent coefficient of variation was less than 15%]. Sample preparation briefly involved 0.4 μ membrane filter through which the sample was filtered, diluted with mobile phase, and 10 μL was spiked into
To prepare the solutions a 70% ethanol solution was used to make 40%. This was calculated using the C1V1=C2V2 formula. A photo spectrometer was used to measure, in arbitrary units, the change in membrane permeability of the B. Vulgaris cells. To begin, the B. Vulgaris samples were put into vials containing the distilled water, 40% and 70% Ethanol solutions. As soon as the B. Vulgaris samples were added to the vials a time zero sample was taken from the vials.
Lecturer Date Introduction Theoretical Background Procedure The procedure was segmented into two categories, the reaction set up and the crude product isolation. Reaction set up The magnetic stirrer was prepared through placing it in the fume cupboard. 1 mmol of L-Phenylalanine was placed and weighed in a 5 mL conical vial.
To develop a high-throughput spectrophotometric screen for Salmonella contamination, modified amino acid decarboxylase broths with pH indicators supplemented with selective agents were studied in microwell plates. The goal was to develop a rapid, reliable, and efficient procedure for resource-poor settings or food industry with large sample numbers. Detection depends on the broth changing from neutral to acidic pH due to sugar fermentation reflecting cell growth and then to basic due to decarboxylase generating amines, indicating presence of decarboxylase-positive bacteria. The visible absorption spectra of three pH indicators that change color at neutral pH were compared from pH 4.5 to 9.
One of the products which has become the most popular in the last century is plastic. Today, plastic is found in most of the items we own or use, everything from toys to kitchenware even automobiles. Unfortunately, plastics have a side effect that few people consider in their day to day routines. Al l plastic contains chemicals, either inherent to the creation of the plastic, or as a biproduct of the manufacturing. These chemicals in plastic can adversely affect the human body, specifically the endocrine
The bacterial suspension (100 µL 108 CFU) was spread uniformly on the nutrient agar plate and 50 µL solution of each of PS and Ag/ PS prepared in DMSO was loaded in each well on nutrient agar plate The plate was then put in incubator for 24 hour at 37 °C to record inhibition zone [38]. 4.3 Viable cell counting
The B. Vulgaris samples were approximately 1cm3. They were kept the same size to ensure accurate results. A control test was conducted in distilled water to obtain a result to compare. The ethanol treatments were 40% and 70%. To prepare the solutions a 70% ethanol solution was used to make 40%.
Chemotherapy as we all know is very harmful to the cells of the human body, however, chemists are now developing a less harmful technique of treating cancer through the use of polymers. They are trying to develop sugars that will attack cancer cells while giving off energy to the patient, in contrast to chemotherapy, which kills the designated patient’s
Thermo reversible gels mostly prepared from poloxamers are predominantly used.[38] The suitability of poloxamer gel alone or with the addition of hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) or dextran was considered for epidural administration of drugs in vitro.[39] The compact gel depot acted as the rate limiting step and significantly extended the dural permeation of drugs in comparison with control solutions. J. M. Barichello et al. evaluated Pluronic F127 gels, which contained either insulin or insulin-PLGA nanoparticles with conclusion, that these formulations could be used as a controlled delivery system. Likewise, poloxamer gels were tested for intramuscular and subcutaneous administration of human growth hormone[42] or with the aim to develop a long acting single dose injection of
Introduction: Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are a class of polyesters produced by several groups of bacteria under unbalanced growth conditions as a mechanism to store excess carbon and energy, and they occur as water-insoluble inclusions in the cells (Anderson and Dawes 1990; Zinn et al. 2001). These polyesters have garnered worldwide interest because they are biodegradable (Ho et al. 2002; Lenz and Marchessault 2005; Lim et al. 2005), biocompatible (Zinn et al. 2001; Hazer and Steinbuchel 2007) and are produced by bacterial fermentation using renewable resources. Hence PHA has potential as alternative material for conventional petrochemical-based plastics. Biobased materials such as polynucleotides, polyamides, polysaccharides, polyoxoesters,
The inoculum was prepared from fresh overnight broth culture in nutrient dextrose broth. Plates were incubated for 24 hours at 37°C and 96 hours at 28°C for antibacterial and antifungal activity respectively. 3.9 Chromatographic profiling and SDS-PAGE of Peptide/protein extracted from aqueous leaf extract The methods used sequentially for purification of aqueous extract were i) Ammonium Sulfate Precipitation, ii) dialysis and iii) Ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Cellulose columns. All steps were carried out at 4ºC to maintain the stability of the isolated products unless mentioned otherwise.
Biodegradable components are applied to replace materials derived from petrochemicals. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one example of biodegradable polymer which applied regularly in the purpose of packaging. The manufacturing of PLA has advantage of the ability to change the physical properties of the polymer through processing methods. PLA is appied for a variation of films, wrappings, and containers (including bottles and cups). Also, BASF markets have a product called Ecovio® (blend of PLA and the company's biodegradable plastic Ecoflex®).
Approximately 60-90% of the Gram-positive bacterial cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan and interwoven teichoic acid, while only