Marissa De la Paz 29 October 2015 Landstrom T/R, 8am Experiment 13B: Phenyl Grignard Addition to Benzophenone The objective of this experiment is to first generate a Grignard reagent, then use that to synthesize triphenylmethanol. The Grignard reagent is necessary to create a new C—C bond. The formation of triphenylmethanol is broken down in several steps. Magnesium is added to a capped and dried flask with a crystal of iodine, ether and a drop of 1,2-dibromoethane. The iodine was essential to activate the magnesium. Ether was used as the solvent because there are no acidic hydrogen’s on ether that can potentially react with the Grignard reagent and also because ether has two lone pairs on the oxygen that can help to stabilize the magnesium
Abstract: In this experiment, triphenylmethanol was synthesized in two steps. First, the bromobenzene was reacted with dry magnesium turnings to produce Grignard reagent. Second, the Grignard reagent was reacted with methyl benzoate and concentrated sulfuric acid to produce an alcohol. The end result of the experiment was not very successful because only 17% yield of final product triphenylmethanol was recovered, and the final product was impure based on the melting point and the IR spectrum results.
Genetic engineering is changing the DNA code to express different traits. A plasmid is a circular piece of DNA that contains important genetic information. Recombinant DNA is the product after inserting your desired genes. The genes we hoped to insert in the pGLO lab were the GFP gene and the ampicillin resistance gene. GFP was needed so that we would tell if the ampicillin resistance gene had been properly placed when the bacteria glowed under a UV light.
Introduction Chemical reactions are seen in many instances, including those in which one substance is being converted to another. Natural chemical reactions will occur without intervention, however they occur slowly. Enzymes become important in these situations. Enzymes are proteins that act in cells to ensure reactions occur at appropriate speeds. In other words, they act as catalysts.
This helps to indicate whether or not the reaction follows Markovnikov’s Rule, which states that the electrophile (E+) will add to the carbon involved in a double bond that produces the most stable carbocation. If the rule is followed, the reaction will proceed according to the mechanism in Figure 1. In the silver nitrate test, the alkyl bromide is added to AgNO3. The rate of precipitation with 2° should be faster than the solution with the 1° alkyl halide. In the sodium iodide test, the alkyl halide is added to sodium iodide in acetone.
Sodium bromide and 1-butanol are dissolved in water since the bromide ion from the sodium bromide and the four carbon chain from the 1-butanol are the desired components of 1-bromobutane. In order to get the sodium bromide and the 1-butanol to react sulfuric acid is added to react with the sodium bromide and combine with the sodium ion producing hydro-bromic acid. Later, when the flask is heated the bromide ion will be able to combine with the four carbon chain of the 1-butanol. During the process of this reaction the reagents were kept cool in an ice bath to avoid the possible evaporation of any of the solution.
Benzyne Formation and the Diels-Alder Reaction Preparation of 1,2,3,4 Tetraphenylnaphthalene Aubree Edwards Purpose: 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylnaphthalene is prepared by first producing benzyne via the unstable diazonium salt. Then tetraphenylcyclopentadienone and benzyne undergo a diels-alder reaction to create 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylnaphthalene. Reactions: Procedure: The reaction mixture was created. Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone (0.1197g, 0.3113 mmol) a black solid powder, anthranilic acid ( 0.0482g, 0.3516 mmol) a yellowish sand, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (1.2 ml) was added to a 5-ml conical vial.
Murder and a Meal: An Organic Compounds Lab Problem: Based on the contents of the victim's stomach, where did he eat his final meal? Background Information: A macromolecule is a molecule that contains a large number of atoms, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids. Macromolecules are formed by a process known as polymerization in which large compounds are built by the joining of smaller one together. The smaller units are known as monomers and monomers together form polymers. Macromolecules are important to living things for example
Enzymes are an important part of the cell and are crucial to sustaining a healthy life for an organism. An enzyme is a protein, composed from amino acids, and an enzyme’s role in the cell is to increase the cell’s ability to perform chemical reactions (Brain 2000). The chemical reactions that cells perform are critical to the development of cells and are how cells grow (Brain 2000). Tyrosinase is an enzyme that is commonly found in plants, and its function is to cause plants to brown, a process known as melanization (Chang 2012). Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) is an amino acid that reacts with Tyrosinanse, and this reaction eventually leads to create melanin, a product of melanization (Waite 1991).
The purpose of this experiment was to prepare an unknown Grignard reagent and then identify the product by molecular weight and melting point. An IR reading was taken to further identify and validate what product was formed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Organometallic compounds consist of a carbon that is attached to a metal. The carbon atoms are strongly nucleophilic because of a partial negative charge that they carry.
The possible explanations and changes to make are similar to the previous questions. Conclusion and Future Experiment 18. The identity of the product and unknown were 4-tert-butylbenzyl phenol ether and tert-butyl phenol respectively. The key to making this discovery was the melting point and TLC results!
This allowed them to see the reaction in real time, with the help of X-ray crystallography. Due to this new technique, they observed additional transitional states previously unexplored as well as suggesting a third magnesium ion is involved in the reaction. They believed and proved, that by using their technique, intermediate states
Purpose/Introduction The process of recrystallization is an important method of purifying a solid organic substance using a hot solution as a solvent. This method will allow the separation of impurities. We will analyze Benzoic Acid as it is dissolved and recrystallized in water and in a solvent of Methanol and water. Reaction/Summary
This modified product of the protonated MMT was utilized to prepare
To investigate the effect of agitation time and feed concentration on percentage removal of phenol batch experiments were carried out at room temperature in the range of 100 to 700 mg/l of initial feed concentration and the results are shown in Fig. 2.Experimental conditions used were agitation speed of 200rpm, biosorbent dosage 0.15 g and pH 7.From figure it is observed that with increase in agitation time from 0 to 2 days, the percentage removal increased from 8% to 98%.Phenol adsorption from bulk liquid to biosorbent is high when the agitation time was increased. This leads to a higher adsorption of phenol on the biosorbent surface and it could reach an equilibrium beyond which percentage removal may not increase. In the present study equilibrium is reached at 4 days.
Abstract The unknown concentration of benzoic acid used when titrated with standardized 0.1031M NaOH and the solubility was calculated at two different temperatures (20◦C and 30◦C). With the aid of the Van’t Hoff equation, the enthalpy of solution of benzoic acid at those temperatures was determined as 10.82 KJ. This compares well with the value of 10.27KJ found in the literature.