Testing for the Presence of Macromolecules in McDonald’s Happy Meals Clayton Wagoner MST Biology White 4 duPont Manual High School Introduction Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are organic molecules found in every living organism. These macromolecules are large carbon based structures. The macromolecules are assembled by joining several smaller units, called monomers, together through a chemical reaction called dehydration synthesis. The resulting polymer can be disassembled through the complementary process called hydrolysis.Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio. This means that for every carbon atom present in the carbohydrate there are two hydrogen …show more content…
To begin, one must test for monosaccharides. Glucose is necessary, and is needed to be placed into a test tube at a quantity of 5 mL. 3 mL of Benedict’s solution is then added. The test tube is then placed in a beaker of boiling water for five minutes or until the color changes. If the color changes, then it is known that monosaccharides are present in the solution. Next, one will test for starches. Starch solution is then placed into the test tube at a quantity of 5 mL. 5 drops of Lugol’s Iodine solution is added to the test tube. If the color changes, then it is known that starches are present in the solution. Proteins are next tested. In order to do this, 5 mL of gelatin solution is added to the test tube. 10 drops of Biuret’s reagent are added to test for protein. If there is a color change, then it is known that protein is present in the solution. Finally, lipids are tested. 5 mL of water are added to 5 mL of oil. 5 drops of Sudan 3 are added, and if the color changes, then lipids are present. Next, the McMush is tested. The same processes are repeated for monosaccharides, starches, proteins, and lipids, except the McMush solution is added in place of the glucose, starch, gelatin, and …show more content…
The cause of this is likely that the protein was already broken down so much when used for cooking that Biuret’s test was unable to detect it. While the results from this experiment seem appropriate for the experiment, there could have been a few issues that could have taken place during the experiment. One of these could be that the solutions used for testing (such as Biuret’s solution) could have at out for too long since we did the experiment in the afternoon. This could lead to an incorrect data. Also, the materials may have not been completely clean, such as the test tubes, which could have also affected the data. In conclusion, from the collected data, the lack of the change in characteristics from Biuret’s solution suggests that there is a minimal amount of protein in both of the McDonald’s happy meals, if
Fermentation test is used to determine if unknown #398 uses any oxygen to ferment carbohydrates and acids. Oxidation tests were used to determine if unknown #398 metabolizes carbohydrates and acids by cellular respiration. Both tests are observed by inoculation of unknown #398 into 3 sugar broths: lactose, glucose, and mannitol and 1 citrate (Citric acid) slant. Fifth test, Hydrolytic and Degradative reactions is used to determine if unknown #398 contains enzyme, amylase that hydrolyzes starch after streaking on a starch plate. Next test, inoculation of a urea broth and is used to determine if unknown #398 contains urease that hydrolyzes urea.
Using two separate aseptic pipettes, 250 µl of LB broth were added to each micro test tube and mixed gently. Likewise, using two separate, aseptic pipettes for each tube, 100 µl of solution was added to the appropriate agar plate. After, using a new loop for each plate, the solution was spread gently across their surfaces. Lastly, the plates were stacked, taped together, and labelled before placing them upside down in an incubator set at 37°C
A milk-based, litmus broth tube is incubated and observed after 48 hours. Observations include lactose fermentation without gas as well as with gas, the reduction of litmus, casein protein coagulation and casein and protein hydrolysis. These characteristics were all determined based on the color of the solution and the production of a curd, the curds density and the production of a gas. To determine the density of the curd, the tube was slightly turned to see rather or not it was mobile or concentrated towards the bottom. 2.3 Carbohydrate Fermentation of Lactose, Sucrose and
•We also could have observe someone that has eaten a hamburger from Mcdonalds, and see if there are any changes in the stomach or other organs. Prediction: a.) If Mcdonald 's hamburgers contain harmful bacterias then we should see that Mcdonald’s hamburgers have a bad affect on the human body. b.)
The limitations of the experiment are the accuracy of the measurements and the precision of the concentration of gelatin and gum arabic. If this experiment were replicated, an improvement could be measuring the amount of gelatin and gum arabic precisely. Also more than 1 slide could be made with the same concentration, to ensure accurate
First, it was hypothesized that test tube "A", the control, would not show any red concentration, test tube "B" which contains supernatant II would show the most red concentration and test tube "C" which contains sediment II would only show a little red concentration. The second hypothesis states that the raw corn kernels would have mitochondrial activity while the boiled corn kernels would not. The last hypothesis interprets that the "gunk" and sediment I will both contain starch granules. It was only expected to find mitochondrial activity in Supernatant II. Unfortunately, after performing this experiment, we were not able to support this hypothesis and come up with a conclusion.
The investigation was carried out to identify the presence or absence of biological molecules in serum 2216. If the concentration in each test tube of the dilutions carried out will be more concentrated then the concentration of the test tube before it, then the color will be at an equal concentration with the other dilutions performed. The hypothesis was wrong because of the difference in concentrations due to the different measurements within the dilutions done. The test for starch was to add a drop of iodine solution to the pipette in the spotting tile. A reducing sugar solutions is add inside a test tube with 3 drops to then add 3 drops of benedicts and plane in a water bath.
In each individual beaker, they were filled with solutions made up of 0% sucrose, 10% sucrose, 20% sucrose, 30% sucrose, 40% sucrose, and finally the unknown percentage of sucrose. Each group was instructed to measure the weight change of the eggs in fifteen minute intervals. To get the most accurate weight, the scales were reset to 0 to get the accurate initial weight of the egg and for future weighing throughout the experiment.
LABORATORY REPORT Activity: Enzyme Activity Name: Natalie Banc Instructor: Elizabeth Kraske Date: 09.26.2016 Predictions 1. Sucrase will have the greatest activity at pH 6 2. Sucrase will have the greatest activity at 50 °C (122 °F) 3.
The iodine test determines the presence of starch in biological materials. It is predicted that, if starch is not present, the solution with iodine remains yellow. However, if starch is present the solution with iodine becomes a blue-black colour. Plants have starch as the storage polysaccharide (glucose units held together by glycosidic bonds) while animals have the equivalent of glycogen. In this experiment, the dark blue colour is visible because of the helical amylose and amylopectin reacting with iodine (Travers et al., 2002).
The biuret solution is a blue solution made up of sodium hydroxide and copper (II) sulfate which turns pink or violet in the presence of proteins, peptides and compounds containing 2 or more peptide linkage. A spectrophotometer measures the respective amounts of light consisting of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution. Spectrophotometer works when white light is separated into lights of different wavelengths by a prism which different colors of light passes through the sample. The transmitted light strikes a photoelectric tube, converting light energy to electric current that is measured by a galvanometer. The transmittance reading measures the absorbance of reactants and determine the concentrations of protein
5 water bath were set up each to10 °C. (5 were used do the experiment faster) 5 cm3 of starch solution were added into the 5 test tubes that were labeled test tubes. Then 5 cm3 of amylase enzyme was added into the other 5 test tubes that were labeled. Put one of the starch solution test tube (preferably the one labeled 1) and one of the test tube containing amylase into the water bath (10 °C).
Glucose is the most important carbohydrate; most dietary carbohydrate is absorbed into the bloodstream as glucose formed by hydrolysis of dietary starch and disaccharides, and
Column chromatography set-up After setting up the column, 2 10-ml of the chosen solvent was obtained and was placed in two separate test tubes. Using a dropper, ~0.5 mL of the food dye was put into the column by dropping it at the side of the column in a circular motion. The chosen solvent was then added just after the green food
Gelatin hydrolysis test is used to detect the ability of an organism to produce gelatinase (proteolytic enzyme) that liquefy gelatin. This process takes place in two sequential reactions. In the first reaction, gelatinase degrade gelatin to polypeptides. Then, the polypeptides are further converted into amino acids. The bacterial cells can then take up these amino acids and use them in their metabolic processes.