Nguyen Nguyen
Professor
Microbiology 1
May 18th, 2016
01MW – Staphylococcus Epidermidis The Staphylococcus Epidermidis is classified as bacteria. Scientists reckon it to Firmicutes phylum and adjust it in Bacillales order of Bacilli class. This bacteria belongs to Staphylococcaceae family. As the name order, it is settled into Staphylococcus genus and S. Epidermidis species. S. Epidermidis makes its home on human skin, mucosal layer and nasal mucosa. Diseases can be taken form in human body and warm-blooded animals such as septicemia and endocarditis. In fact, S. Epidermidis is not too harmful on healthy tissue. The infection often occurs on newborn baby, drug users, and older people and those who need to use assistant devices on every part
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From the Unknown tube professor Cooper gave me, I scratched a little on the slant surface with the sterilized inoculating loop. Then I place it on a clean prepared slide which already had a slight drop of water. The two substances are mixed together in the middle of the slide and let dry completely. One extra step of “heat fix” is necessary to adhere everything to the surface of the slide. To start gram staining, I slightly pour crystal-violet all over the slide and let it sit for 30 seconds before wash it off with water. Next, I dye the Unknown with Gram’s iodine to create a complex only have on gram positive. The slide is rinsed by water after 30 seconds. Decolorization is the next step of the whole process. I let the alcohol flow on 45-degree angle slide within 15 seconds and wash it with water to remove colors on the surface. Lastly, the unknown is once again dyed with safranin for 1 minute then wash it off with water for the last time and dry it using bibulous paper. After experiment on microscope under oil immersion, I learned that my Unknown is gram positive. Under the lens, the bacteria appears in purple color. Its morphology is cocci arranged in cluster. However, during decolorizing process, I put too much alcohol to the crystal violet-iodine complex making the color overly removed. That led to the result of my gram positive has slightly redish
2- What is the species of bacteria that Addy contracted while on ECMO? Stenotrophomonas a gram negative bacteria species contracted while she was on ECMO. They are usually found in hospitals like breathing
The Pathogen: Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive coccal bacterium that is known to not always be pathogenic. It is a member of the Firmicutes phylum, the Eubacteria kingdom, and the Bacteria domain. (Wikipedia, 2015) The bacterium can be described as looking like a bunch of grapes or small berries,
Staphylococcus epidermidis is an opportunistic pathogen, meaning that they can cause infection more frequently and more easily in persons’ with a weakened immune system such as, HIV patients (CDC, 2015). This organism is seen primarily in nosocomial infections, also known as, hospital-acquired infections (Bukhari, 2004). This means that the organisms favors the hospital environment and is easily passed to a person while they are in the hospital. Ways that a person can get a Staphylococcus epidermidis infection is through IV’s, more commonly in drug users, catheters, and artificial equipment (Bukhari, 2004). Skin-to-skin contact can also be a form of getting this type of infection.
Streptococcus is often known as bacteria, that can affect a person’s throat. Often time’s people are unaware that this bacterium can also affect genital areas. Strep group B is commonly found in the vaginal, anal and rectal area of the body. This bacterium can affect 25 % of people, including pregnant women.
The normal flora will compete with the foreign bacteria for nutrients and space and has the ability to push out or starve the invader as said in class. In the article, Skin Microbes Help Clear Infection by Anna Azvolinsky, she talks about an experiment conducted by Stanley Spinola of Indiana University whose goal was to analyze the type of ecology found on the human skin and observe the effects it has regarding the skin 's
The Gram Stain test was first performed to differentiate the bacteria based on the thickness of the peptidoglycan layer in its cell wall. The unknown bacteria appeared purple and round, therefore indicating a gram-positive cocci bacterium. The purple color was observed because S. agalactiae had a thicker layer of peptidoglycan in its cell wall, therefore it allowed for the cell wall to not be stripped away after the addition of ethyl alcohol, but rather enabled for the peptidoglycan to form pores (Madani, 2003). The pores then trapped the crystal violet-iodine complex, which produced the purple color of the bacteria cells that were observed under the light microscope. Catalase Test To further identify the gram positive unknown bacteria, the Catalase test was conducted in order to differentiate the gram-positive species into the Staphylococcus species (catalase-producers) or the Streptococcus species (catalase
Streptococcus agalactiae is part of the group
The first task that I had to do upon receiving my unknown was making two subcultures of it. The “stock” culture would serve as my emergency backup in case my bug got contaminated, while the “working” culture was the one I would utilize to perform the biochemical tests. The next thing I did after this was the gram stain. The purpose of this was to find my bug’s gram designation and morphology so that I would be working in the right direction. My bug retained the safranin stain which meant it was gram negative.
Staphylococcus Aureus belongs to the extremely common bacteria of microflora of the skin and mucous membranes of the humans. These pathogens cause many infections, including superficial and deep purulent infections, poisoning, urinary tract infection etc. In the US, staphylococcus bacteria are supposed to be the leading cause of sepsis, postoperative wound and prosthesis infections. In addition, staphylococcus belongs to one of the leading causes of bacterial food poisoning. Staphylococcus Aureus is one of the most dangerous human pathogen.
Klebsiella is part of the family Enterobacteriaceae and belongs to the genus Klebsiella. This bacterium is nonmotile, rod-shaped, and gram-negative bacilli. K. pneumonia is facultative anaerobic meaning they can grow with or without oxygen. They do not form spores and are capable of forming capsules.
Abstract What type of bacteria or fungi or found on hands. There are ways to find out what lives on your hand one is taking a swab form your hand and put it on a petri dish allow thing to grew. This lab we found mainly yeast as for the fungi petri dish and for bacteria there was Staphylococcus epidermidis on the hand. So, after doing all of this we learned that there are many things living on your hand and that most of them are harmful.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa are rod-shaped, monoflagellated bacteria. They are in the domain Bacteria, phylum Proteobacteria, class Gamma Proteobacteria, order Pseudomonadales, family Pseudomonadaceae, genus Pseudomonas, and species P. aeruginosa. They range in size from 1-5 micrometers in length and 0.5-1.0 micrometers in width. There are 3 possible colony morphologies that can be seen and these depend on where the bacteria is taken from. P. aeruginosa from water and soil are typically small and rough around the edges.
Bacteria have been grouped into prokaryotic, which means absence of nucleus. Basically organisms could be categorized as Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes (Jones et al, 2007). Prokaryotic cells are divided into two main domains as Archae and Bacteria whereas Eukaryotes are into one single domain as Eukarya. (Jones et al, 2007). The most common example of a prokaryote is Bacteria.
Staphylococcus aureus is the usual pathogen, and other organisms such as Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are sometimes involved. Occasionally, anaerobic organisms (clostridia, anaerobic streptococci or Bacteroides) appear in contaminated wounds (Nayagam, 2010). In Yangon General Hospital, the common bacterial pathogens isolated in open fracture wound infection were Pseudomonas species (31.15%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli. Other organisms such as Coagulase negative staphylococci and Enterococcus species, Proteus species, Citrobacter species, Klebsiella species, Beta haemolytic streptococci were found in open fracture wound infection (Aye-Mya-Thu, 2010).
This is where the transmission of staphylococci, specifically on methicillin-safe Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) comes into play. Since a large various amount of microorganisms are hard to culture, consequently, the overall microbial diversity with fitness centers are still unknown. When comparing other indoor conditions, it is fascinating to take note that fitness centers have an exceptional setting to analyze microbial diversity. Due to the high recurrence of surface touch in physical exercises by individuals, there are various personal hygienic practices taking place.