Isaiah Peterson
ESS 101
Erika Harnett
23 October 2015
Research Paper Rough Draft The main challenge the characters of my story grapple with is the effects of long-term space flight on the human body. As a species that evolved terrestrially, human bodies are naturally ill-suited for the zero-gravity environment of outer space. The lack of a constant gravitational force can do serious harm to a person, including weakening bones to the point that they break easily, diminishing muscle fiber strength, and overall making the transition back to life in an environment with gravity much more difficult. Feedback collected from astronauts in the Apollo missions and current astronauts living in the International Space Station provide examples of the strict
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Human muscles acclimate to the constant pull of gravity, or in the case of astronauts, the lack thereof. With time, an astronaut's muscles grow accustomed to a minimally required amount of strength necessary to adapt to a zero-gravity environment. In fact, the effects of prolonged exposure to weightlessness achieves the same effect as adding about 30 years to a person’s life in terms of its negative impact on physical strength [1]. To give a more detailed answer, NASA Flight Surgeon Jeff Jones estimates that muscle strength atrophies by about 30-40% [2] when in low-gravity situations. In extreme situations, NASA estimates that muscle mass can deteriorate at a rate of 5% per week [3]. All muscles of the body fall prey to this effect, even the heart. With less force required to circulate blood throughout the body, the heart too slowly decreases in size …show more content…
In similar fashion to muscles, bones will atrophy if not presented with the ever-present pull of gravity. NASA predictions indicate that bone integrity could emaciate up to 40-60% while exposed to the lack of gravity in space [3]. This type of bone loss experienced by astronauts is a form of osteoporosis, a bone ailment usually suffered by the elderly on Earth. Although the process of bone density reduction occurs throughout an astronaut's time in space, the second and fifth months in space prove the most acute [5]. Alongside the reduction of bone density and strength comes the obvious risk of breaking bones much more easily while in space [5]. If an essential crew member suffers a broken bone in space while on the job, the astronaut’s mission could be put in jeopardy. In addition, as the body deconstructs now unnecessary areas of an astronaut's bones, the calcium byproducts are recycled into the body. An overabundance of calcium can then lead to kidney stones creation, exacerbating an already unpleasant situation for astronauts
Our bones need the correct amount of vitamin D, which then results in the efficient amount of calcium in our bones. The other factor is staying active in our day to day. When we exercise our skeletal muscle pulls against the bone causing it to rebuild and become denser. 2. Describe the process of healing a fracture
Reading Response Assignment In the article “To Avoid ‘Boomeritis,’ Exercise, Exercise, Exercise” from the New York Times, Jane E Brody describes the need of exercise as a person ages. She believes exercise can slow the effects of growing old as well as describing how and why some exercises help us as we age. The author relates different aspects of fitness to how our bodies change throughout life. She lists most of the aspects of fitness including: flexibility, strength, and endurance, and explains how those aspects positively affect you if you keep up with it over time.
Bone microstructure is one of the important factors affecting the quality of bone, which along with bone mass represent bone strength9. In OVX rats, the trabecular bone was obviously thinner and shorter. The parts of the trabecular bone were destroyed or even disappeared. The number of trabecular decreased noticeably and there was a visible osteoclast (OC) reaction. While, treated with HE reduced trabecular bone lesions, especially in the secondary spongy areas and reduced the number of bone resorption pouches and OC.
Humans have been dreaming about space travel since antiquity. The Chinese used rockets for ceremonies and military purposes centuries ago, but only in the final years of the 20th century were rockets manufactured that were powerful enough to outstand the force of gravity to reach orbital velocities that could open space to human exploration. A lot of scientists have devoted their lives to revealing the secrets of space and finding the answers to questions related with human existence, space expeditions, the existence of other civilizations, and the structure of the universe. Fortunately enough, due to the developments of such sciences as physics, chemistry, astrology, mathematics and so on, scientists and engineers worked together and managed
Tighten your smile and clench those fists Because you’ve been told too many times before, “If you can’t do it, no one can” Looking out into the distance and still believing you’ll become an astronaut Because there is never really anything in your way I mean, it is only a couple of light years away Hope is understanding that there may come a day Where life will play you like a poker game But the only
A bone fracture is a common diagnosis given at least once to most people during their lifetime. With the older population there is an increased level of worry as well as some differences of that of a young adult or child. When comparing an older adult and a younger adult suspected of a fracture, there are slight differences in areas such as: assessment findings, interventions provided and potential outcomes. As an older adult there is a higher potential for fractures because of Osteoporosis, or bone becomes weaker of time. Other factors contribute such as unsteady gait, visual disturbances and medications making bone weaker such as long-term steroid (Southerland, 2).
From DBRIERS they said, “There are also the effects that microgravity have on the human body. Anyone traveling to Mars
The periosteum consists of an outer fibroblast layer and an inner osteogenetic layer (cambium layer). There are blood and lymph vessels and nerves in the periosteum and it plays a critical role in bone healing. In children, periosteum has greater osteogenic potential than in adults (), which allows children’s fractures to be treated more conservatively than adults’ fractures (). In children, the periosteum separates from the bone more easily than in adults (). The periosteum initiates fracture healing, producing new bone rapidly.
We discovered that even during short space missions the human body can still experience moderate muscle loss. Each Astronaut had to have an MRI before and after each space mission. Before they came to the conclusion they did, they found out from someone else that Astronauts
I will discuss the effects of high G-forces during takeoff and re-entry, zero G-forces while in space, and the deleterious effects of high levels of radiation present in space on the human body over long space flight
I believe the fact someone could break his or her bones made me wonder how exactly he or she get it fixed and how it heals. With the help from doing some research, I discovered with the assistance of an orthopedic surgeon and some aftercare with a therapist. The orthopedic surgeon fixed or replace broken bones and help prescribe medications to heal broken bones and a therapist usually supported with exercises that help the injury to function normally. Later on, I realized broken bones are like a big puzzle that needs to be solved, and that they can tell a person 's story without me even knowing this person whether it is the right or wrong story that is why being a forensic anthropologist is my second career passion. Beginning a legendary story or time of history is incredible for anyone.
In the same order the ossification is defined as the formation of new structural femur bone. This process (formation) is important at the time of fractured bones because if this process is not enable then it leads to discontinues growth of the bone. Cells present in bone are Osteoblasts, osteocytes . .Generally these terms are related to the bio-mechanics which are responsible for the resoption of the femur bone.
The most well know all round accepted theory in current literature related to the pathophysiology of orbital factures is referred to as the “Globe to Wall Theory” and “ Hydraulic mechanism” which states; when a force pushes the globe into the orbit and causes the globe to contact the orbital floor, resulting in a floor fracture. Another and more popular theory is “hydraulic mechanism”, which the fracture is the result of increased intra-orbital pressure from the eye entering the orbit not due to direct contact. 1.3 Clinical evaluation In patients with orbital fractures, associated ocular injuries are present in up to 29% of the patients. Blindness associated with orbital fractures has been reported at 0.7%–10%.Typically signs and symptoms of orbital fracture present with periocular swelling proptosis (acute stage )and enophtalmos (later stage and large fracture),ecchymosis,chemosis,V2 hypesthesia,and subconjectival hemorrhage.
The idea of isolation is often attributed to prisons and asylums, although several occupations involve it as well. As such, persons for jobs involving isolation are selected and trained to allow them to cope with mental and emotional stress resulting from this. For example, five astronauts are currently residing in the International Space Station (ISS), a weightless environment with compact spaces and limited interaction. Frequent exercise is also needed because of bone and muscle degeneration in zero gravity. Though these astronauts return to Earth after a set amount of time, the far more audacious Mars One program plans to send non-astronauts on a one-way trip to Mars, in an effort to colonize it.
This increased difficulty makes it much easier for the bone to fracture (NASA 2004), which would be a significant danger to an astronaut on a foreign celestial body, away from traditional hospitals and doctors. Such an injury could prove to be compromising to a long-term mission, and as such should be