Defining Racism
To properly lay out the issue of racism in the play it is desirable to know how the term itself is defined. The Oxford English Dictionary explains Racism as follows:
A belief that one’s own racial or ethnic group is superior, or that other such groups represent a threat to one 's cultural identity, racial integrity, or economic well-being; (also) a belief that the members of different racial or ethnic groups possess specific characteristics, abilities, or qualities, which can be compared and evaluated. Hence: prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against people of other racial or ethnic groups.
This definition raises another issue, namely that we need to know what an ethnic group is. The German sociologist Matthias Rompel characterizes an ethnic group by means of the belief in a collective, background, collective history and collective customs, all leading to the development of a group identitiy (cf. Rompel 657). Important aspects to note here are the characteristics of different ethnic groups that play an important role throughout the drama.
Othello’s Role in Venetian Society
If we take the textbook definition of ethnic groups and apply it to Othello and the Venetian society it is striking that he lacks a lot of features when compared to the “regular” Venetian society: no common background nor history and no shared customs. Therefore, not only his skin color sets him apart, but also his origin from another ethnic group, opening all kinds of
Racism: prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one's own race is superior. Racism is widespread throughout the town of Maycomb, and many of the occupants in the town hold derogatory and classist views. When Tom Robinson, a black man falsely accused of raping a white woman, goes on trial, despite a sufficient amount of evidence proving him innocent, he is found guilty by an all-white jury. An example of this unbridled racism is during Tom Robinson’s trail only white people can sit in the main section of the courtroom and Black people are confined to the balcony.
1. Ethnicity (10/265) – a system for classifying people who are believed to share common descent, based on perceived cultural similarities. • My ethnicity is Hispanic. 2. Race (10/265) – a system for classifying people who are believed to share common descent, based on perceived innate physical similarities.
Racism is the belief or idea of superiority of one race over another, often resulting in discrimination and/or prejudice towards people of the race. The ideology underlying racist practices often includes the idea that humans can be divided into distinct groups that are different due to their social behavior and their innate capacities as well as the idea that they can be ranked as inferior or superior. Since the late 20th century the notion of biological race has been recognized as a cultural invention, entirely without scientific basis. Structural Racism in the U.S. is the normalization of an array of dynamics – historical, cultural, institutional and interpersonal – that routinely advantage whites while producing cumulative and chronic adverse outcomes for people of color. It is a system of hierarchy and inequity, primarily characterized by white supremacy – the preferential treatment, privilege and power for white people at the expense of Black, Latino, Asian, Pacific Islander, Native American, Arab and other racially oppressed people.
Racism is defined as “a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race” (Webster). Racism is the prevailing type of discrimination in this book. One example happens because Idgie serves everybody equally at her café. Grady Kilgore, the sheriff says, “Now, Idgie, you ought not to be selling those niggers food, you know better than that. And there’s some boys in this town that’s not too happy about it.
white have created conflict between the members of the play. Since the 16th century dictates that black people, or Moors, are inferior to white people, Othello is stuck in the darkness as an outsider; thus suggesting that interlopers are alone, not part of a community. Within these contrasting worlds, outsiders, like Othello, try to integrate into society, but can’t. For instance, this ingrained mindset portraying the inferiority of black people is further shown when Othello exclaims, “Her name, that was as fresh as Dian’s visage, is now begrimed and black / As mine own face.”
purported race possess characteristics, abilities, or qualities specific to that race, especially so as to distinguish it as inferior or superior to another race or other races ; racism is a particular form of prejudice defined by preconceived erroneous beliefs about race and members of racial groups”. According to U.S. Bureau Census of 2012, there are 3,138,725 African Americans living in Texas, making the state the third largest place where black people live in the United States. On the other hand, Hispanic population settled in Texas is one of the biggest, becoming the largest ethnic or racial minority in the country. According to data gathered from the U.S. Bureau, there are 55 million Hispanics.
The study of racism has a profound potential to become an ambiguous sociological endeavor. Incidentally, accounting for the multitude of factors which encompass this subject appear to make it the very heart of the matter and consequently the most time consuming. Although, it is my belief that all three of the main sociological theories (Functionalism, Conflict Theory and Symbolic Interactionism) should be integrated in order to achieve a legitimate and quantifiable outcome, for obvious reasons the “Conflict Theory” logically renders the best possible method to obtain a valid micro analysis of specific agents in this case. The oxford dictionary defines racism as being: prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one’s own race is superior; a belief that all members of each race possesses characteristics or abilities specific to that race, especially so as to distinguish it as inferior or superior to another race or races.
The correlation between relationships and experiences are co-existing functions that assist in operating societies. Since ancient times, social classes have existed within all communities and cultures; a sense of belonging is often determined by one’s position in the social hierarchy. Shakespeare’s Othello highlights determinants including race and gender that affect one’s standing in the hierarchy. An excerpt of Act 1, Scene 1 (Lines 110-112) explores this concept when Iago exclaims “Because we come to do you service and you think we are ruffians, you’ll have your daughter covered with a Barbary horse, you’ll have your nephews neigh to you.” Shakespeare cleverly incorporates animalistic imagery to showcase the role that race has in a society
This division of humanity has sparked several social conflicts, with racism being the most prominent. As defined by the Oxford dictionary, racism is “prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one's own
Othello was born a Muslim Turkish Moor. When he was older, he was “taken by the insolent foe/ And sold to slavery” (Shakespeare 698). It was likely during this time he found his way into the white-dominated Europe, where he eventually had to procure his own freedom. After this, he joined the Venetian military and ascended to the rank of General. In this position, his main war is with “the Turkish fleet.”
Racism/Discrimination: From Facts to Fiction Racism has been a big epidemic since the early 1600’s and is still a problem throughout society today. According to Dictionary.com, racism is a belief or doctrine that inherent differences among the various human racial groups determine cultural or individual achievement, usually involving the idea that one's own race is superior and has the right to dominate others or that a particular racial group is inferior to the others. The Tortilla Curtain, by T.C. Boyle exemplifies racism and discrimination by the dividing of communities from the impoverished minorities and the superior majority. Boyle reveals how more fortunate people stereotype the way minorities and poverty live rather than acknowledging
The exploitation of Othello’s race leads to the manipulation Roderigo, Cassio, Brabantio, the Venetians, and the audience to see Othello as inferior although, the only difference between him and the Venetians is his lineage. In the first act of the play, Iago and Roderigo go to Brabantio’s house to rile him out of his sleep. This is seen as the first step of defaming Othello’s character. The two
According to Kader Mutlu in “Racism in Othello,” Othello “has a harmony of racism. This harmony is provided by the tireless verbalization of ‘otherness’ in the words of ‘Moor’ and ‘Black’” (Mutlu 136). In addition to
Another socially defined term is ethnicity, which is based on one’s cultural characteristics like language, religion, and traditions. Some attempt to
Racism is an ever growing issue in the world, and something we can’t hide behind. According to dictionary.com the defintion of racism is: “the belief that all members of each race possess characteristics, abilities, or qualities specific to that race, especially so as to distinguish it as inferior or superior to another race or races.” Race was created socially by how people perceive ideas and faces people are not used to yet. It is the “hatred” of one person to another individual, solely based on that person's belief that the person is inferior because of their language, birthplace and skin colour. Racism is an issue that has lasted throughout history, providing justification for a group’s dominance over another.