Methods Unknown microbial #398 went through several of tests in order to identify its characteristics when isolated from a urine sample of Doris, a 64- year old patient with a kidney infection. To identify unknown #398, must prepare a working and a reserve stock by the inoculation from a broth culture and by quadrant streaking method on a PEM and EMP plates. The following test procedures were incubated at 37°C for 48 hours for observation and identification for unknown #398. The identification of unknown #398 followed test procedures from Brown1. First test, Morphological of Unknown consists of multiple of subtests. First subtest was used to determine the optimum temperature of unknown #398 growth by inoculation into 2 nutrient agar slants. …show more content…
Fermentation test is used to determine if unknown #398 uses any oxygen to ferment carbohydrates and acids. Oxidation tests were used to determine if unknown #398 metabolizes carbohydrates and acids by cellular respiration. Both tests are observed by inoculation of unknown #398 into 3 sugar broths: lactose, glucose, and mannitol and 1 citrate (Citric acid) slant. Fifth test, Hydrolytic and Degradative reactions is used to determine if unknown #398 contains enzyme, amylase that hydrolyzes starch after streaking on a starch plate. Next test, inoculation of a urea broth and is used to determine if unknown #398 contains urease that hydrolyzes urea. Last test, inoculation of phenylalanine agar is used to determine if phenylalanine deaminase oxidizes phenylalanine into phenylpyruvic acid and ammonia. Sixth test, is a Multiple Test Media used to determine the physiological characteristics of unknown #398. First test, Inoculation of Kligler 's Iron agar was used to determine the production of hydrogen sulfide from cysteine and fermentation of glucose and lactose. Last test, inoculation of litmus milk is used to determine the fermentation of lactose, casein, lactalbumin, and
Catalase activity test establishes whether the bacterium produces the enzyme catalase. The eosin methylene blue test or EMB, inhibits the growth of gram positive bacteria and tests whether or not gram negative bacteria can ferment lactose. Lactose fermentation testing is done to see if the bacterium is capable of fermenting sugar by testing for acid and gas production. These are the possible tests that are needed in order to identify unknown
For instance, we could not conclude that mitochondrial activity is present in Supernatant II. However, our experiment showed that the boiled corn kernels did not undergo any mitochondrial activity while the raw corn kernels did. This might indicate that raising the temperature might have an effect on the function of dehydrogenase. Moreover, our found that starch granules are present in both sediment I and the “gunk”. Indeed, some parts of this experiment were not successful because the procedure was not followed
To begin, one must test for monosaccharides. Glucose is necessary, and is needed to be placed into a test tube at a quantity of 5 mL. 3 mL of Benedict’s solution is then added. The test tube is then placed in a beaker of boiling water for five minutes or until the color changes. If the color changes, then it is known that monosaccharides are present in the solution. Next, one will test for starches.
Starch amylase testing was equally unsubstantial since the only amylase producing bacteria was ruled out after Gram staining. Unknown #10’s negative citrate test result was also unhelpful because E. coli is citrate negative and P. vulgaris is a variable citrate producer that can also be citrate negative. H2S production in the Kligler’s Iron Agar test ultimately proved that Unknown #10 was Proteus vulgaris. P. vulgaris is the only assigned bacteria that produces H2S, so when a black precipitate obscured the yellow butt of the Kligler’s Iron Agar slant, E. coli was ruled out. Not only did the H2S product confirmed that Unknown #10 was P. vulgaris, it confirmed P. vulgaris’ motility.
LABORATORY REPORT Activity: Enzyme Activity Name: Natalie Banc Instructor: Elizabeth Kraske Date: 09.26.2016 Predictions 1. Sucrase will have the greatest activity at pH 6 2. Sucrase will have the greatest activity at 50 °C (122 °F) 3.
According to the series of test that my group ran for our unknown specimen, we had a match with the bacteria known as Alcaligenes Faecalis. This bacterium belongs to one of the major group of gram-negative bacteria (Phylum Proteobacteria). Alcaligenes Faecalis (Genus, species) is a rod shaped (bacillus), 0.5-1.2 x 1.0-3.0 µm, round with scalloped margin (colony configuration growth), motile (with one to nine peritrichous flagella), gram-negative, non-fermentative bacteria, obligate aerobic, having oxygen as the principal terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain (ETC). We consider we have a match with the species Alcaligenes Faecalis because of the following reasons: Fermentation tests performed (Durham sugars) were negative, which indicate that our bacteria use a different metabolic means for growth (non-fermentative gram-negative bacteria).
The iodine test determines the presence of starch in biological materials. It is predicted that, if starch is not present, the solution with iodine remains yellow. However, if starch is present the solution with iodine becomes a blue-black colour. Plants have starch as the storage polysaccharide (glucose units held together by glycosidic bonds) while animals have the equivalent of glycogen. In this experiment, the dark blue colour is visible because of the helical amylose and amylopectin reacting with iodine (Travers et al., 2002).
A scale of zero to five was used to describe the reactions, with zero being no reaction at all, one being a slow reaction, and five being a very fast reaction. The materials used were a test tube rack, six test tubes, a test tube clamp, forceps, a graduated cylinder, four small pieces of liver, one piece of potato, one piece of hamburger meat, approximately forty milliliters of hydrogen peroxide in a forty milliliter beaker, a splint, and matches. An ice bath and boiling water was required for testing, where a hot plate was used to boil the water. Each test tube given a label, which were “cold”, “room”, “hot”, “warm”, “potato”, “meat”, and
Scientists begin to study microorganisms in order to avoid disease events such as the typhoid, small pox and cholera outbreaks. Research of microbiology evolved over time with the development of technology. Biochemical and molecular techniques have become vital in the identification of bacteria. The techniques have become—quicker, easier, affordable and accurate. Labs are now able to sequence bacterial DNA which has provided more information about microorganisms which
Bio Chem lab Report 04 Enzyme Biochemistry Group Member: Chan Man Jeun Duncan (16002621) Law Sze Man (16000478) Introduction Enzyme is a protein base structure substance in our body. It works at a biocatalyst that will catalyzing the chemical reaction, which helps to speed up the chemical reaction. Enzyme could only function in specific shape, and the shape of enzyme is depending on the environment, therefore it is hard for an enzyme to function well in an extreme environment. The aim of this experiment is to see can the enzyme functions normally in different environment(pH, temperature and salt concentration) via using starch solution, amylase from saliva, 0.5M HCl solution, 0.5M NaOH solution and NaCl solution, and using iodine solution
Uncontrolled Environmental conditions Atmospheric conditions The controlled variable Concentration of amylase was kept under control by measuring the amount of amylase used and also it was made sure the percentage of amylase used was 1%. The Amount of amylase/starch used were kept to 5cm3 at all times. Materials needed Beakers Bunsen burner Test tube Thermometer Stopwatch Test plate Glass rod Starch Amylase solution Water bath Iodine solution. Test tube holder Labels Marker Procedure First 5 test tubes were taken and labeled with numbers from 1 to
The tests performed to determine these characteristics are: a Feulgen Stain test to determine if the sample contains DNA or not, a Fat test to determine the absence or presence of fats and oils, an Iodine test to determine the absence or presence of starch, a Biuret test to determine whether the sample contains protein or not, a Benedict’s test to determine whether the sample contains a low, high or no amount of reducing sugars, and finally a Tetrazolium test to determine whether the sample is alive or
Kiss Nothing Culture of the kiss was allowed the same growth conditions and observation Instrumentation and materials 1. AO Dissection Microscope 2. Agar culture plate Experimental Design and Results See Table 1 and Table 2 and Figure 1 for detailed experimental design and
This is an example of a very common bacteria that is found in the body’s normal flora. Staphylococcus was discovered in 1880 by a general surgeon that was performing surgery, and the scientific name Staphylococcus Aureus was then named by Friedrich Julius Rosenbach. The world is full of this pathogen and is transferred throughout the environment in a lot of ways. It can be spread by skin to skin contact with a person that has an exposed infected area with pus. Staphylococcus Aureus is a Gram-Positive bacterium that can be stained by a crystal violent stain.
If the broth turned a reddish color, the result was then positive. If there was no color change, then a small amount of zinc powder was added. If there was no color change, the result was also positive, but if there was a red coloration development after the zinc was added, the result was then negative. Both Unknown bacteria (16A and 16B) were positive for nitrate reduction. The tubes were then